Lines on Fermat surfaces (Q983296)

Let \(S\) be a complex Fermat surface of degree \(m\) in \(\mathbb P^3\). Shioda showed that the lines on \(S\) generate a subgroup of finite index of the Néron-Severi group \(NS(S)\) of \(S\) if and only if \(m\leq 4\) or \((m,6)=1\). In this paper it is shown that if furthermore \(m\leq 100\) then the lines on \(S\) actually generate \(NS(S)\). The main idea of the proof is the following. Let \(N\) be the subgroup of \(NS(S)\) by the lines on \(S\) then the discriminant of \(N\) is a power of \(m\). Let \(p\) be a prime of good reduction for \(S\) such that \(S_p\) the reduction modulo \(p\) is supersingular, i.e., the rank of the Picard group of \(S_p\) equals the second Betti number of \(S\). Let \(N_p\) be a subgroup of finite index of the Néron-Severi group of \(S_p\). The authors show that if the gcd of the discriminants of \(N\) and \(N_p\) is squarefree then \(N=NS(S)\). Then they calculate this discriminants for small \(m\). For \(m\) closer to \(100\) a refinement of this technique is used.