Sharp weighted bounds for fractional integral operators (Q984412)

For \(0< \alpha <n\), the fractional integral operator \(I_{\alpha}\) is defined by \[ I_{\alpha}f(x)= \int_{{\mathbb R}^n} \frac{f(y)}{| x-y |^{n - \alpha}}dy. \] \textit{B. Muckenhoupt} and \textit{R. L. Wheeden} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 192, 261--274 (1974; Zbl 0289.26010)] characterized the weighted strong-type inequality for \(I_{\alpha}\) as follows. Let \(1<p< n/\alpha\) and \(1/q = 1/p = \alpha/n\). \[ \left( \int_{{\mathbb R}^n} | I_{\alpha} f(x) |^q w(x)^q dx \right)^{1/q} \leq C \left( \int_{{\mathbb R}^n} | f(x) |^p w(x)^p dx \right)^{1.p} \] if and only if \(w \in A_{p,q}\), that is, \[ [w]_{A_{p,q}} \equiv \sup_{Q} \left( \frac{1}{| Q |} \int_Q w^q dx \right) \left( \frac{1}{| Q |} \int_Q w^{-p'} dx \right)^{q/p'} < \infty. \] The authors prove the following. \[ \| I_{\alpha} \|_{L^p(w^p) \to L^q(w^q)} \leq c [w]_{A_{p,q}}^{(1-\alpha/n) \max \{1, p'/q \} }. \] They also show that this estimate is sharp. At a formal level, the case \(\alpha =0\) corresponds to the result for the Riesz transforms by \textit{S. Petermichl} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, No. 4, 1237--1249 (2008; Zbl 1142.42005)].