Vertex operators and the geometry of moduli spaces of framed torsion-free sheaves (Q987191)

Let \(\mathbf F\) denote the \(r\)-colored fermionic Fock space and let \(\mathbf B\) denote the \(r\)-colored bosonic Fock space. Each of these vector spaces is equipped with a bilinear form. Let \(\mathrm{Cl}\) be the \(r\)-colored Clifford algebra and let \(\mathfrak s\) be the \(r\)-colored oscillator algebra (Lie algebra). Then there are natural representations of \(\mathrm{Cl}\) on \(\mathbf F\) and of \(\mathfrak s\) on \(\mathbf{B}\). Let \(\mathcal M(r, n)\) be the moduli space of framed torsion free sheaves on \(\mathbb P2\) of rank \(r\) and second Chern class \(c_2=n\). For the torus \(T=(\mathbb C^*)^r\times \mathbb C^*\) and a vector \(\mathbf c\in \mathbb Z^r\) one defines an action of \(T\) on \(\mathcal M(r, n)\). Let \(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n)\) denote the moduli space together with the corresponding action, which depends on \(\mathbf c\). Let \(\mathcal H^*_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n))\) denote the localized equivariant cohomology. The authors define a bilinear form on \(\mathcal H^{2rn}_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n))\) and extend it to a bilinear form on the direct sum \[ \bigoplus_{\mathbf c\in \mathbb Z^r, n\in \mathbb N} \mathcal H^{2rn}_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n)) \] by declaring the elements from different summands to be orthogonal. For a fixed \(\mathbf c\) the authors define a subspace \(A_{\mathbf c}(r,n)\subset \mathcal H^{2rn}_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n))\) and put \[ \mathbf A=\bigoplus_{\mathbf c\in \mathbb Z^r, n\in \mathbb N} A_{\mathbf c}(r, n)\subset \bigoplus_{\mathbf c\in \mathbb Z^r, n\in \mathbb N}\mathcal H^{2rn}_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n)). \] The bilinear form on \(\bigoplus\mathcal H^{2rn}_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n))\) mentioned above restricts to a non-degenerate bilinear form on \(\mathbf A\). The authors define monads (three-term complexes of vector bundles) on the products \(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n_1)\times \mathcal M_{\mathbf d}(r, n_2)\) such that the only non-zero cohomology in the middle term is a vector bundle on \(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n_1)\times \mathcal M_{\mathbf d}(r, n_2)\) denoted by \(\mathcal K_{\mathbf c, \mathbf d}(r, n_1, n_2)\). Using the top non-vanishing equivariant Chern classes of such bundles, the so called geometric Clifford operators (geometric fermions) and geometric Heisenberg operators (geometric bosons) on \[ \bigoplus_{\mathbf c\in \mathbb Z^r, n\in \mathbb N} \mathcal H^{2rn}_T(\mathcal M_{\mathbf c}(r, n)) \] are defined. Both geometric fermions and bosons preserve \(\mathbf A\). Therefore, this defines representations of \(\mathrm{Cl}\) and \(\mathfrak s\) on \(\mathbf A\) together with linear maps \(\mathbf A\rightarrow \mathbf F\) and \(\mathbf A\rightarrow \mathbf B\) that turn out to be isometric isomorphisms of \(\mathrm{Cl}\)-modules and \(\mathfrak s\)-modules respectively. This yields a natural geometric realization of the boson-fermion correspondence [\textit{I. B. Frenkel}, J. Funct. Anal. 44, 259--327 (1981; Zbl 0479.17003)] and of the related vertex operators [\textit{I. B. Frenkel, J. Lepowsky, A. Meurman}, Pure and Applied Mathematics, 134. Boston etc.: Academic Press, Inc. (1988; Zbl 0674.17001)], [\textit{J. Lepowsky, H. Li}, Progress in Mathematics (Boston, Mass.) 227. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser. (2004; Zbl 1055.17001)]. The paper under review consists of an introduction and 6 sections. The introduction presents a motivation, relevant references, and provides an outline of the paper. In Section~1 an overview of \(r\)-colored fermionic and bosonic Fock spaces is given. Section~2 provides some necessary facts about framed rank \(r\) torsion free sheaves on \(\mathbb P^2\) and their equivariant cohomology. In Section~3 the main results of the paper, Theorems~3.6 and 3.14, are stated. Their proofs, which involve combinatorical computations, are given in Sections~4 and 5 respectively. Some concluding remarks concerning vertex operators and their geometric realization as well as some open problems are given in Section~6.