On the dual of a flat module in TOP (Q989046)

Let \(A\) be a commutative algebra over a field \(k\). It is well-known that an \(A\)-module \(F\) is flat if and only if its algebraic dual \(\mathrm{Hom}_k(F,k)\) is injective. In this paper is given an example of a topological \(\mathbb{C}\)-algebra \(A\) and a topological \(A\)-module \(H\) which is flat in the category of all \(A\)-modules and such that its topological dual \(H'\) is flat, but not injective, in the category of all \(A\)-modules. In the author's example, \(A=\mathbb{C}[\frac{d}{dx}]\) is the topological ring of ordinary differential operators. Over this ring, which is a principal ideal domain, flat means torsion free, and injective means divisible. The topological \(A\)-module \(H\) is the inductive limit (the union) of certain Sobolev spaces \(\mathcal{H}^s\) (\(s \in \mathbb{R}\)).