Heat kernel estimates for the Dirichlet fractional Laplacian (Q990226)

The authors prove sharp two-sided estimates of the heat kernel for the fractional Laplacian \((-\Delta )^{\alpha /2}\), \(0<\alpha <2\), on open sets of the class \(C^{1,1}\), with the Dirichlet condition on the boundary. Note that a \(C^{1,1}\) set can be unbounded and disconnected, thus even the upper estimate obtained in the paper constitutes an improvement of earlier results proved under stronger assumptions; see \textit{B. Siudeja}, [Potential Anal. 25, No. 4, 371--386 (2006; Zbl 1111.31004)]. The technique is mainly probabilistic, being based on subtle properties of the symmetric \(\alpha\)-stable process on \(\mathbb R^d\).