Twice-punctured hyperbolic sphere with a conical singularity and generalized elliptic integral (Q993367)

The authors describe, in terms of generalized elliptic integrals, the hyperbolic metric of the twice-punctured sphere with one conical singularity of prescribed order. The hyperbolic metric \(\rho(z)|dz|\) on the triply-punctured sphere \(\widehat{\mathbb{C}}\setminus\{0, 1,\infty\}\) is one of the fundamental tools in complex analysis. Indeed, for instance, the big Picard theorem can be derived by a careful look at the metric \(\rho(z)|dz|\) and the distance induced by it. It is known that the density function \(\rho(z)\) can be expressed explicitly as \[ \rho(z) =\frac{\pi}{8|z(1-z)|\text{Re}\{K(z)K(1-\overline z)\}}, \] where \(K(z)\) is the complete elliptic integral of first kind. On the other hand, it has been recognized that the generalized elliptic integrals \[ K_a(z)=\sin(\pi a)\int_0^1\frac{t^{1-2a}dt}{(1-t^2)^{1-a}(1-zt^2)^a} \] and \[ E_a(z)=\sin(\pi a)\int_0^1\left(\frac{1-zt^2}{1-t^2}\right)^{1-a}t^{1-2a}\,dt \] share many properties with the original complete elliptic integrals. In the present paper, it is shown that the hyperbolic metric of a twice-punctured sphere with one conical singularity of prescribed angle can be expressed in terms of these generalized complete elliptic integrals. The authors also give several monotonicity properties of the metric and a couple of applications.