Boundedness of operators on Hardy spaces (Q993602)

Let \(\psi(x)\) be a radial Schwartz function supported in the unit ball satisfying that \(\int_0^\infty |\hat\psi(t\xi)|^2\,\frac{dt}{t}=1\) for all \(\xi\in\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}\) and \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\psi(x)x^\alpha\,dx=0\) for all nonnegative multi-indexes \(\alpha\) with \(|\alpha|\leq\lfloor n(\frac1p-1)\rfloor\), where \(\hat\psi\) denotes the Fourier transform of \(\psi\) and \(\lfloor n(\frac1p-1)\rfloor\) the maximal integer not more than \(n(\frac1p-1)\). For any \(f\in\mathcal{S}'(\mathbb{R}^n)\), the space of tempered distributions, the Lusin function \(S(f)\) is defined by setting, for all \(x\in \mathbb{R}^n\), \[ S(f)(x)\equiv\left\{\int_0^\infty\int_{|y-x|<t}|\psi_t\ast f(y)|^2\,\frac{dydt}{t^{n+1}}\right\}^\frac12, \] where \(\psi_t(x)\equiv t^{-n}\psi(\frac xt)\) for all \(x\in \mathbb{R}^n\) and \(t\in (0,\infty)\). Recall that the Hardy space \(H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\), with \(p\in(0, 1]\), is defined by \[ H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\equiv\{f\in\mathcal{S}' (\mathbb{R}^n):\,S(f)\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\} \] and, for any \(f\in H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\), its norm is defined by \(\|S(f)\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)}\). Also recall that a function \(a\) is called an \((p, 2)\)-atom of \(H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\), \(p\in(0, 1]\), if \(a\) is supported in a cube \(Q\), \(\|a\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)} \leq|Q|^{\frac12-\frac1p}\), \(\int a(x)x^\alpha\,dx=0\) for all nonnegative multi-indexes \(\alpha\) with \(|\alpha|\leq\lfloor n(\frac1p-1)\rfloor\). In this paper, the authors first show that there exists a positive constant \(C\) such that for all \(f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\cap H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\), there exists a sequence \(\{a_j\}_j\) of \((p,2)\)-atoms and \(\{\lambda_j\}_j\subset{\mathbb R}\) satisfying that \(\sum_j|\lambda_j|^p\leq C\|f\|_{H^p}^p\) and \(f=\sum_j \lambda_ja_j\), where \(p\in(0,1]\) and the series converges to \(f\) in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\). Using this, the authors further show that for any \(p\in(0,1]\) a linear operator \(T\) which is bounded on \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) can be extended to a bounded linear operator from \(H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to \(L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) if and only if \(\|Ta\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C\) for all \((p, 2)\)-atoms, where \(C\) is a positive constant independent of \(a\). The same is true if \(L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) is replaced by \(H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\). Notice that similar results have already been obtained, by totally different methods, in [\textit{S. Meda, P. Sjögren} and \textit{M. Vallarino}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, No. 8, 2921--2931 (2008; Zbl 1273.42021)] and in [\textit{D. Yang} and \textit{Y. Zhou}, Constr. Approx. 29, No. 2, 207--218 (2009; Zbl 1283.42029)].