Two-dimensional twisted sigma models and the theory of chiral differential operators (Q996116)

Twisted version of the two-dimensional \((0,2)\) heterotic sigma model on a rank \(r\) holomorphic bundle \({\mathcal E}\) over a complex, Hermitian manifold \(X\) is studied describing the model in terms of the mathematical theory of ``Chiral Differential Operators''. Such argument was presented in [\textit{E. Witten}, Two-dimensional models with \((0,2)\) supersymmetry: perturbative aspects, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 11, No. 1, 1--63 (2007; Zbl 1200.17014)], and the author says this paper consider a generalization of the model considered by Witten. Let \(\Sigma\) be a Riemann surface (worldsheet), \(K\), \(\overline K\) the canonical and anti-canonical bundles and let \(\Phi: \Sigma\to X\) be the map governs the model. Then the left and right moving Fermi fields \(\lambda^a\), \(\lambda_a\), \(\psi^i\), \(\psi^{\overline i}\) and auxiliary scalar fields \(l^a\), \(k_a\) of the twisted model are the sections of \(K^{(1-s)}\otimes\Phi^*{\mathcal E}^*\), \(K^s\otimes \Phi^*{\mathcal E}\), \(\overline K^{(1-\overline s)}\otimes \Phi^* TX\), \(\overline K^{\overline s}\otimes \Phi^*\overline{TX}\), \(K^{(1-s)}\otimes\overline K^{\overline s}\otimes \Phi^*{\mathcal E}^*\) and \(K^s\otimes\overline K^{(1-\overline s)}\otimes \Phi^*{\mathcal E}\), respectively. If \(s=\overline s= 1/2\), sections of these bundles give fields of untwisted model. The twisted model has just one canonical global symmetry generated by the supercharge \(\overline Q_+\). The action of the twisted model can be written as \[ S_{\text{twist}}= \int_\Sigma|d^2z|\{\overline Q_+, V\}+ S_{\text{top}},\quad V= -g_{i\overline j}\psi^i_{\overline z} \partial_z \phi^{\overline j}- \lambda_{za} l^a_z, \] and \(S_{\text{top}}= \Phi^*(K)\), \(K\) is the pull-back of the Kähler form. In perturbation theory (expansion in the inverse of the large-radius limit), we can set \(S_{\text{top}}= 0\), and eliminating the \(l_{za} l^a_z\) term via its own equation of motion, the action in perturbation theory takes simpler form than \(S_{\text{twist}}\) and takes the form \[ S_{\text{pert}}= \int_\Sigma |d^z|\{\overline Q_+, V\} \] (\S2). Classically, the trace of the stress tensor from \(S_{\text{pert}}\) vanishes and other components satisfy \[ T_{z\overline z}= \{\overline Q_+, -g_{i\overline j}\psi i_{\overline z}\partial_{\overline z}\phi^j\},\quad [\overline Q_+, T_{zz}]= 0. \] At the quantum level, these equalities do not hold, but operators remain in the \(\overline Q_+\)-cohomology after global translations and dilatations of the worldsheet. Then to examine operator product expansion (OPE), the \(\overline Q_+\)-cohomology of holomorphic local operators is shown to have a structure of a holomorphic chiral algebra, which is denoted by \({\mathcal A}\) (\S3.1). The moduli of \({\mathcal A}\) arises when non-Kähler deformation of \(X\) is considered. The moduli is shown to represented by the cohomology class of \(H^1(X,\Omega^{2,\text{cl}}_X)\), where \(\Omega^{2,\text{cl}}_X\) is the sheaf of germs of closed holomorphic 2-forms on \(X\) (\S3.2). Then in \S3.3, unitary model with \((0,2)\) supersymmetry is constructed by enlarging the worldsheet \(\Sigma\) to a supermanifold \(\widehat\Sigma\) with the bosonic coordinates \(z\), \(\overline z\) and fermionic coordinates \(\theta^+\), \(\overline\theta^+\). Generators of the supersymmetry are \[ \overline{\mathcal Q}_+= {\partial\over\partial\overline\theta^+}- i\theta^+ {\partial\over\partial\overline z},\quad {\mathcal Q}_+= {\partial\over\partial\theta^+}- i\overline\theta^+ {\partial\over\partial\overline z}, \] which commute with \(\partial_z\), \(\partial_{\overline z}\) and anticommute with \[ \overline D_+= {\partial\over\partial\overline\theta^+}+ i\theta^+ {\partial\over\partial\overline z},\quad D_+= {\partial\over\partial\theta^+}+ i\overline\theta^+ {\partial\over\partial\overline z}. \] The supersymmetric action of this model [cf. \textit{M. Dine} and \textit{N. Seiberg}, Superspace, Phys. Lett. B 180, 364 (1986)] can be written as \[ S= \int|d^2 z|\{\overline{\mathcal Q}_+, [D_+, W]\}|_{\theta_+}= \overline\theta_+= 0, \] \[ W= -{i\over 2}K_i(\Phi, \overline\Phi) \partial_z\Phi^i+ {i\over 2} \overline K_{\overline i}(\Phi, \overline\Phi) \partial_z \Phi^{\overline i}. \] Then in \S4, vanishing condition of the anomaly of this model is shown to be \[ {1\over 2}c_1(\Sigma)(c_1({\mathcal E})- c_1(TX)= 0,\quad \text{ch}_2({\mathcal E})- \text{ch}_2(TX)= 0. \] Both the \(\overline Q_+\)-cohomology of local operators (operators that are local on \(\Sigma\)) and the fermionic symmetry generator \(\overline Q_+\) can be described locally on \(X\), the sheaf \(\widehat{\mathcal A}\) of chiral algebras on \(X\) is introduced in \S5. Analyzing Čech cohomology of \(\widehat{\mathcal A}\), it is concluded that if the twisted heterotic sigma model is to be physically relevant, then it must be \(c_1({\mathcal E})= c_1(TX)\) (\S5.3). Twisted model on a local patch of the target space is described in terms of free \(bc-\beta\gamma\)-system (\S5.4). Then it is shown the mathematical obstruction to a global definition of the sheaf is \([c_1({\mathcal E})- c_1(TX)]\), so it is the physical anomaly of the model (\S5.7) via the study of local symmetry (\S5.4-\S5.6). \S6 studies the case \({\mathcal E}= TX\). In this case, at the \((2,2)\)-locus, the action coincide with the (perturbative) action of Witten's topological \(A\)-model [\textit{E. Witten}, Mirror manifolds and topological field theory, Essays on Mirror Manifolds, International Press, 120--158 (1992; Zbl 0834.58013)]. Then it is shown the supercharges of scalar supercharges are given by \[ \overline Q_+(\overline z)= Q_R(\overline z)= g_{i\overline j}\psi^{\overline j} \partial_{\overline z}\phi^i \] (\S6.1 and 2). Then the (physical) elliptic genus \[ \chi(X, y,q)= \text{Tr}_{\mathcal H}(-1)^F y^{J_L} q^{L_0- d/s},\quad q= e^{2\pi ir},\;y= e^{2\pi iz}, \] where \(d= \dim_{\mathbb C}X\), is expressed by using \(\overline Q_+\)-cohomology when \(X\) is a Calabi-Yau manifold (6.35). By using this expression, \[ \chi(X,y,q)= \int \text{ch}(\text{Ell})(\text{td}(X)), \] where \(\text{Ell}(X,y, q)\) is the mathematical definition of elliptic genus [\textit{A. Beilinson} and \textit{V. Drinfeld}, Chiral algebras. Colloquium Publications. American Mathematical Society 51. Providence, RI: AMS (2004; Zbl 1138.17300)], is derived when \(X\) is a Calabi-Yau Manifold (\S6.3). In \S7, the last Section, these results are applied to the cases \(X= \mathbb{CP}^1\) and \(S^3\times S^1\) and explicit computations are given.