Equiangular tight frames from Paley tournaments (Q996306)

An \((n,d)\) equiangular tight frame (ETF) is a set of \(n\) unit vectors \(\phi_1,\dots,\phi_n\) in the \(d\)-dimensional complex Euclidean space \(\mathbb{C}^d\) such that \(| \phi_i \cdot \phi_j| ^2 = (n-d)/(d(n-1))\) for all \(i \neq j\). Among the known constructions of ETFs are those based on regular simplices, perfect difference sets, quadratic residues, symmetric and anti-symmetric conference matrices, Hadamard matrices, adjacency matrices of certain graphs, and the Heisenberg group. The author adds to this list a new construction based on the adjacency matrices of Paley tournaments. He demonstrates the existence of \((2d-1,d)\) and \((2d-1,d-1)\) ETFs whenever (\(d\) is a power of 2) or (\(2d-1\) is a power of an odd prime \(p\) and \(2d-1 \equiv 3\) mod 4). In the latter case, he finds an explicit description of the \((2d-1,d)\) ETFs by connecting them to the construction of \((2d,d)\) ETFs using quadratic residues given by \textit{G. Zauner} in [Quantum designs -- foundations of a non-commutative theory of designs (German), Ph.D. thesis, University of Vienna (1999)].