On the CMC foliation of future ends of a spacetime (Q997110)

Let \(N\) be an \((n+1)\)-dimensional space-time with a compact Cauchy hypersurface, so that \(N\) is topologically a product, \(N=I\times\mathfrak{S}_0\), where \(\mathfrak{S}_ 0\) is a compact Riemannian manifold and \(I=(a,b)\) is an interval. The metric in \(N\) can be expressed in the form \(d\tilde s^ 2=e^{2\psi}\left(-(dx^ 0)^ 2+\sigma_{ij}(x^ 0,x)dx^ idx^ j\right)\), where \(x^ 0\) is the time function, \((x^ i)\) are local coordinates for \(\mathfrak{S}_ 0\), and \(\sigma_{ij}\) is a Riemannian metric. A subset \(M\subset N\) is said to be achronal if any time-like piecewise curve intersects \(M\) at most once. The Ricci tensor \(\text{Ric}\) is bounded from below on the set \(V=\{v;\;\langle v,v\rangle=-1\}\) of time-like unit vectors if \(\text{Ric}(v,v)\geq -\Lambda\), where \(\Lambda\geq 0\). \(N\) is said to have a future mean curvature barrier if there is a sequence \(M^ +_ k\) of closed space-like achronal hypersurfaces such that \(\lim_{k\to\infty}H_{|M^ +_ k}=\infty\) and \(\lim\sup\inf_{M^ +_ k}x^ 0>x^ 0(p)\) for all \(p\in N\), where \(H\) is the mean curvature. Likewise, \(N\) is said to have a past mean curvature barrier if there is a sequence \(M^ -_ k\) of closed space-like achronal hypersurfaces such that \(\lim_{k\to\infty}H_{|M^ -_ k}=-\infty\) and \(\lim\inf\sup_{M^ -_ k}x^ 0<x^ 0(p)\). In this paper, the author shows that if in a future end \(N_ +\) of \(N\) the Ricci tensor is bounded from below and a future mean curvature barrier exists, then a slightly smaller future end \(\widetilde N_ +\) can be foliated by constant mean curvature space-like hypersurfaces, and there exists a smooth time function \(x^ 0\) such that the slices \(M_\tau=\{x^ 0=\tau\}\) have mean curvature \(\tau\) for some \(\tau_ 0>\sqrt{n\Lambda}\) with \(\tau>\tau_ 0\). In addition, the author shows that the volume of any sequence of space-like hypersurfaces, which run into the future singularity, decays to zero provided there exists a time function covering a future end, such that the level hypersurfaces have non-negative mean curvature and decaying volume.