A mathematical model for indirectly transmitted diseases (Q997313)

The authors considered the following reaction-diffusion system coupled with an ordinary differential equation which describes the spread of a disease in two neighboring populations \(H_1\) and \(H_2\) with subpopulation \(\varphi, \psi, \chi\) and \(u, v, w,\) respectively, each stands for susceptible, infective and recovered individuals, respectively; the disease is benign in \(H_1\) and lethal in \(H_2;\) each population \(H_i\) occupies a bounded domain \(\Omega_i \subset \mathbb{R}^2\) such that \(\Omega_i \neq \Omega_1\cap\Omega_2\neq \phi:\) \[ {\partial\varphi }{/\partial t}-\nabla d_{11}(x)\nabla\varphi = -\sigma _{11} (x)\psi\varphi -\sigma_{31}c\varphi+(1-\omega_1)\lambda_1\psi + b(x)H_1-(m(x)+k(x)H_1)\varphi, \] \[ {(x,t)\in\Omega_1\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ {\partial\psi }{/\partial t}-\nabla d_{12}(x)\nabla\psi = \sigma _{11} (x)\psi\varphi +\sigma_{31}c\varphi-\lambda_1\psi - (m(x)+k(x)H_1)\psi, \quad{(x,t)\in\Omega_1\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ {\partial\chi }{/\partial t}-\nabla d_{13}(x)\nabla\chi = \omega_1 \lambda_1 \psi-(m(x)+k(x)H_1)\chi, \quad{(x,t)\in\Omega_1\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ {\partial u }{/\partial t}-\nabla d_{21}(x)\nabla u = -\sigma _{32} (x)c u, \quad{(x,t)\in\Omega_2\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ {\partial v }{/\partial t}-\nabla d_{22}(x)\nabla v = \sigma _{32} (x)c u - \lambda_2 v, \quad{(x,t)\in\Omega_2\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ {\partial w }{/\partial t}-\nabla d_{23 }(x)\nabla w = \varepsilon\lambda_2 v, \quad{(x,t)\in\Omega_2\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ {\partial c }{/\partial t}=\sigma_{13} (x) (1-c)\psi+\sigma_{23}(1-c)v-\delta(x)c, \quad{(x,t)\in \Omega_1 \cup\Omega_2\times(0,+\infty),} \] \[ d_{11}(x)\partial\varphi/\partial \eta_1 = d_{12}(x)\partial\psi/\partial \eta_1 = d_{13}(x)\partial\chi/\partial \eta_1 = 0, \] \[ d_{21}(x)\partial u/\partial \eta_2 = d_{22}(x)\partial v/\partial \eta_2 = d_{23}(x)\partial w/\partial \eta_2 = 0, \] \[ \xi(x,0)=\xi_0 (x), \;\;\;\xi = \varphi,\psi,\chi u, v, w, c H_1 = \varphi+\psi+\chi, \] where \(0\leq c(x,t)\leq 1\) represents the proportion of infected habitat; \( b(x), (m(x)+k(x)H_1), \omega_1, 0\leq \omega_1\leq 1,\) are, respectively, the birth rate, the death rate, and the rate at which individuals become permanently immune in \(H_1;\) \(\displaystyle\frac{1}{\lambda_i}\) is the duration of the infective stage in population \(H_i;\) \( \eta_i \) is a unit outward normal vector to \(\Omega_i\) along the boundary \(\partial\Omega_i; \) \(\varepsilon, 0\leq\varepsilon\leq 1 \) is a fixed survival rate from the lethal disease; \(d_{ij}, i=1,2, j=1,2,3 \) are the diffusivities; \(\delta(x)\) is a no-negative function; the coefficients \(\sigma_{ij} (x), i=1,2,3, j=1, 2, 3 \) are non-negative functions. The authors, under suitable conditions, proved the global existence and uniqueness of solution for problem (1) and the asymptotic convergence of the infective density \(v(\cdot,t)\) of \(H_2\) to zero. Furthermore, under the assumption that all the coefficients in problem (1) are positive constants and the diffusivities are equal, they proved the invasion and persistence of the disease in \(H_1\) population.