Characterization of Riesz and Bessel potentials on variable Lebesgue spaces (Q998162)

The Bessel potential operator is defined by the multiplier \((1+| \xi| ^2)^{-\alpha/2}\), i.e., \[ \mathcal{B}^\alpha f = \mathcal{F}^{-1} \bigg( \frac{\mathcal{F} f}{(1+| \cdot| ^2)^{\alpha/2}}\bigg), \] where \(\mathcal{F}\) denotes the Fourier transform. \textit{A.\,Almeida} [Fract.\ Calc.\ Appl.\ Anal.\ 6, No.\,3, 311--327 (2003; Zbl 1094.42009)] and \textit{P.\,Gurka, P.\,Harjulehto} and \textit{A.\,Nekvinda} [Math.\ Inequal.\ Appl.\ 10, No.\,3, 661--676 (2007; Zbl 1129.46025), reviewed below] independently introduced the variable exponent Bessel space and defined it as \(\mathcal{B}^\alpha L^{p(\cdot)}\). In the present paper, it is shown that this space can also be characterized via hypersingular integrals and the Riesz fractional derivative (Theorem~5.7). Further, it is shown that smooth functions are dense in this space. All results are derived under the usual \(\log\)-Hölder continuity assumption on the exponent.