Coherent sheaves on general \(K3\) surfaces and tori (Q998624)

A classical result of Gabriel implies that two algebraic varieties are isomorphic if they have equivalent categories of coherent sheaves. How much can be said if the varieties are no longer algebraic? The paper under review gives a precise answer to this question for generic \(K3\) surfaces and generic compact complex tori. The main result of this article says, in stark contrast to Gabriel's result, that for such manifolds, the category of coherent sheaves does not depend on the complex structure. A complex structure on a \(K3\) surface or on a compact torus of dimension \(n\geq 2\) is said to be generic if it does not have non-trivial integral \((p,p)\)-classes for \(0<p<2n\). In particular, such manifolds are not algebraic. For the proofs, the author makes essential use of the fact that the manifolds considered are holomorphically symplectic, hence carry a hyperkähler structure. The corresponding twistor space comes as a \(\mathbb{P}^1\)-family of complex structures on the underlying manifold. The generic complex structures form a dense subset of this \(\mathbb{P}^1\) and have a countable complement. A result of the author [Geom. Funct. Anal. 6, No. 4, 601--611 (1996; Zbl 0861.53069)] says that any two points in the same connected component of the moduli space of complex structures on a compact hyperkähler manifold can be connected by a chain of hyperkähler \(\mathbb{P}^1\)'s, such that their intersection points represent generic complex structures. This reduces the proof of the main result to showing the required equivalence for any two generic complex structures in the same hyperkähler family. The proof of the main result uses the twistor correspondence which associates a holomorphic vector bundle on the twistor space to a vector bundle with a connection with \(\text{SU}(2)\)-invariant curvature on the hyperkähler manifold. In a first step, he proves that a certain subcategory of the category of reflexive sheaves on the twistor space is equivalent to the category of reflexive sheaves (i.e.\ bundles) on the given manifold, equipped with any generic complex structure from the hyperkähler family. In the final step of the proof, singularities are incorporated into the above picture: a certain subcategory of the category of coherent sheaves on the twistor space is shown to be equivalent (via restriction) to the category of coherent sheaves for any generic complex structure in the hyperkähler family. An important ingredient into the proofs is the result that on generic \(K3\) surfaces and tori, reflexive sheaves are automatically locally free and coherent sheaves have isolated singularities only.