Difference equations, Euler's summation formula and Hyers-Ulam stability (Q998741)

The author considers the spiral of Theodorus, represented in the complex plane as a special solution of the difference equation \[ f(x+1)=\alpha(x)f(x), \quad x \in [0,\infty) \] with the initial condition \(f(0)=1\), where \(\alpha(x)=1+\frac{i}{\sqrt{x+1}}\). A representation of this solution is given by the author as follows [Am. Math. Mon. 111, No.~3, 230--237 (2004; Zbl 1077.39002)]: \[ T(x)=\sqrt{x+1}\cdot e^{i\varphi(x)} \] where \(\varphi\) satisfies the difference equation \[ \varphi(x+1)=\varphi(x)+c(x), \quad x \geq 0, \] with \[ c(x)=\arctan \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}}. \] By using a general result of stability in the sense of Hyers-Ulam, proved by \textit{C. Borelli} [Aequationes Math. 54, No.~1--2, 74--86 (1997; Zbl 0879.39009)], an approximation formula is given for the solution of the previous equation.