Description of pointwise multipliers in pairs of Besov spaces \(B_{1}^{k}(\mathbb R^{n})\) (Q998922)

A multiplier \(\gamma\) acting from one Banach function space \(S_1\) into another \(S_2\) means a function \(\gamma\) such that \(\gamma u \in S_2\) for any \(u\in S_1\). The notation \(M(S_1\rightarrow S_2)\) denotes the space of multipliers \(\gamma : S_1\rightarrow S_2\) with the norm \(\|\gamma\|_{M(S_1\rightarrow S_2)}=\sup\{\|\gamma u\|_{S_2}:\|u\|_{S_1}\leq 1\}\). Let \(s=k+\alpha\), where \(\alpha\in (0,1]\) and \(k\) is a nonnegative integer. Further, let \(\Delta_{h}^{(2)}u(x)=u(x+h)-2u(x)+u(x-h)\) and \((C_s u)(x)= \int_{\mathbb R^n}|\Delta_{h}^{(2)}\nabla_{k}u(x)|\,|h|^{-n-\alpha}\,dh\), where \(\nabla_k\) stands for the gradient of order \(k\), i.e., \(\nabla_ku=\{ \partial_{x_1}^{\alpha_1}\dots\partial_{x_n}^{\alpha_n}u \}\), \(\alpha_1+\cdots+\alpha_n=k\). The Besov space \(B_1^s(\mathbb R^n)\) is defined as the space of functions \(u\) defined on \(\mathbb R^n\) which have the finite norm \(\|u\|_{B_1^s(\mathbb R^n)}=\|C_su\|_{L_1(\mathbb R^n)}+\|u\|_{L_1(\mathbb R^n)} \). In this paper, the author gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be in \(M(B_1^{m}(\mathbb R^n)\to B_1^{\ell}(\mathbb R^n))\) with integers \(\ell\) and \(m\), \(0<\ell\leq m\). The author also shows that \(M(B_1^{m}(\mathbb R^n)\to B_1^{\ell}(\mathbb R^n))\) forms the space of traces of multipliers between the Sobolev classes \(W_1^{m+1}(\mathbb R_+^{n+1})\) and \(W_1^{\ell+1}(\mathbb R_+^{n+1})\).