The fundamental groupoid scheme and applications (Q999685)

The aim of the paper is to reconcile Grothendick's construction of the arithmetic fundamental group of a \(k\)-scheme \(X\) [cf. \textit{A. Grothendieck}, Revetêments étales et groupe fondamental, SGA 1, Lectures Notes in Mathematics (1971; Zbl 0234.14002)] and Nori's Tannaka construction of the fundamental group scheme of a proper, reduced, strongly connected \(k\)-scheme \(X\) endowed wih a \(k\)-rational point \(x\in X(k)\) [cf. \textit{M. V. Nori}, Compos. Math. 33, 29--41 (1976; Zbl 0337.14016)] by using Deligne's Tannaka formalism [cf. \textit{P. Deligne}, Catégories tannakiennes. The Grothendieck Festschrift, Collect. Artic. in Honor of the 60th Birthday of A. Grothendieck. Vol. II, Prog. Math. 87, 111--195 (1990; Zbl 0727.14010)]. In order to do this they give a linear structure to Grothendieck's construction when \(X\) is a smooth scheme of finite type over a characteristic \(0\) field \(k\) and \(k=H^0_{DR}(X)\): first the authors extend Nori's construction to not necessarily proper schemes by definining over \(X\) the category \(FConn(X)\) of finite flat connections; then they define the fundamental groupoid scheme \(\prod(X,\overline{x})\) of \(X\) with base point a geometric point \(\overline{x}:Spec(\overline{k})\to X\) as the \(k\)-groupoid scheme acting on \(Spec(\overline{k})\) given by \(Aut^{\otimes}(\rho_{\overline{x}})\) where \[ \rho_{\overline{x}}:FConn(X)\to Vect_{\overline{x}} \] is the fiber functor assigning to each connection the fiber of the underlining bundle at \(\overline{x}\); finally they compare their fundamental groupoid scheme to the Grothendieck's arithmetic fundamental group \(\pi_{1}(X,x)\). This allows the authors to link the existence of sections of the Galois group \(Gal(\bar k/k)\) to \(\pi_{1}(X,x)\) with the existence of a neutral fiber functor on the category which linearizes it. Finally they apply the construction to affine curves and neutral fiber functors coming from a tangent vector at a rational point at infinity, in order to follow this rational point in the universal covering of the affine curve.