Orbit structure of certain \(\mathbb R^2\)-actions on solid torus (Q999703)

The authors consider a family \({\mathcal A}\) of \(C^2\)-actions \(\varphi\) of \(\mathbb R^2\) on the solid torus \(N=S^1\times D^2\) having \({\mathcal O}_0=S^1\times\{0\}\) and \({\mathcal O}=S^1\times \partial D^2\) as the only compact orbits and with singular set \(S^1\times \{0\}\). Let \({\mathcal O}_p\) be the orbit of \(p\), let \(G_p\) be the isotropy group of \(p\), and let \(G_0\) be the isotropy group of \({\mathcal O}_0\). Let \(C\) be the set of points \(p\in N\) such that \({\mathcal O}_p\) is an \(S^1\times \mathbb R\)-orbit, and let \(C_0=\{p\in C\mid G_p\subset G_0^0\}\), \(C_1=\{p\in C\mid G_p\cap G_0^0=\{0\}\}\). The authors prove that if \(\varphi\in {\mathcal A}\), then there exists a \(\varphi\)-invariant neighborhood \(U\) of \({\mathcal O}\), homeomorphic to \(T^2\times(0,1]\), such that the frontier \(\Gamma\) of \(U\) is a \(k\)-tube of \(\varphi\) at \({\mathcal O}_0\), for some integer \(k\geq 0\), and all the orbits inside \(U\setminus {\mathcal O}\) have the same topological type. Furthermore, precisely one of the following cases occurs for each \(p\in U\setminus {\mathcal O}\): (1) \({\mathcal O}_p\) is an \(S^1\times\mathbb R\)-orbit in \(C_0\), \(C_1=\emptyset\), and \(\lim{\mathcal O}_p={\mathcal O}_0\cup{\mathcal O}\). In particular, \(U=N\setminus{\mathcal O}_0\); (2) \({\mathcal O}_p\) is an \(S^1\times\mathbb R\)-orbit in \(C_1\), \(C_0=\emptyset\), and \(\lim{\mathcal O}_p=\Gamma\cup {\mathcal O}\); (3) \({\mathcal O}_p\) is an \(\mathbb R^2\)-orbit dense in \(U\cup \Gamma\), and \(\lim{\mathcal O}_p=U\cup\Gamma\). The intersections of the \(\varphi\)-orbits with the disks \(\{\theta\}\times D^2\) are also explored.