Tent spaces associated with semigroups of operators (Q999770)

The author considers tent spaces in both the classical and noncommutative settings, and uses the results on the of tent spaces in the noncommutative case to obtain Fefferman's type duality for noncommutative BMO-\(H^1\) couple. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of semigroups of positive operators to compensate for the lack of the geometric structure of Euclidean spaces. Thus both tent spaces and BMO and \(H^1\)-spaces are defined with respect to a semigroup. Two kinds of semigroups are used: symmetric diffusion semigroups \({\mathcal T}=(T_t)_{t\geq0}\), i.e., semigroups of operators defined simultaneously on all \(L^p\)'s, \(1\leq p \leq\infty\), contractive on all \(L^p\)'s, self-adjoint on \(L^2\) and satisfying \(T_t1=1\) and \(T_tf\to f\) in \(L^2\) as \(t\to0+\) for \(f\in L^2\), are used for tent spaces. If we write such a semigroup as \(T_t=e^{-tL}\), then we can also define the corresponding `subordinated Poisson semigroup' \({\mathcal P}\) by \(P_t=e^{-tL^{1/2}}\), which is then used for defining BMO and \(H^1\) spaces. The classical tent spaces are recovered by taking \((T_t)\) to be the classical heat semigroup, in which case \((P_t)\) is the Poisson semigroup. For the noncommutative situation, the author uses the usual tracial setup, i.e., a semifinite von Neumann algebra \({\mathcal M}\) with a faithful normal semifinite trace \(\tau\). The spaces \(\text{BMO}({\mathcal P})\) and \(H^1({\mathcal P})\) are defined as completions of \(L^2({\mathcal M},\tau)\) with the norms \[ \|\varphi\|_{\text{BMO}({\mathcal P})} = \sup_{t>0} \| P_t(| \varphi - P_t\varphi|^2)\|_{\infty}^{1/2} \] and \[ \| f \|_{H^1({\mathcal P})} = \left\|\left(\int_0^\infty T_{t^2}| {{\partial P_t}\over{\partial t}} f |^2\, t\,dt\right)^{1/2}\right\|_{L^1}, \] respectively. Now \(\text{BMO}({\mathcal P})\) turns out to be dual to \(H^1({\mathcal P})\) under some mild restrictions on the semigroup. The results obtained by the author seem to be important both in the noncommutative and the commutative settings, considerably enriching the theory of tent spaces and showing their usefulness in the treatment of BMO and Hardy spaces.