Iwip endomorphisms of free groups and fixed points of graph selfmaps

DOI10.1515/JGTH-2023-0283MaRDI QIDQ6961688zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Peng Wang, Qiang Zhang

Publication date 10 July 2025

Published in Journal of Group Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1515/JGTH-2023-0283

zbMATH Keywords

fixed subgroupgeometric treegraph selfmapindexiwip endomorphismNielsen theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Groups acting on trees (20E08) Geometric group theory (20F65) Fixed points and coincidences in algebraic topology (55M20) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Review text

This paper investigates the relationship between iwip (irreducible with irreducible powers) outer endomorphisms of free groups and the fixed point theory of graph selfmaps (see [\textit{B. J. Jiang} and \textit{X. Z. Zhao}, Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 34, No. 1, 91--102 (2018; Zbl 1386.55005)]). Building on \textit{B. Jiang} et al. [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 11, No. 4, 2297--2318 (2011; Zbl 1232.55006)], the authors analyze a combined index-characteristic inequality for fixed point classes, namely a lower bound for the sum \(\sum_F \big (\mathrm{ind}(f,F) + \mathrm{chr}(f,F)\big)\) over certain fixed point classes, in terms of the Euler characteristic of the graph. They recast this topological problem in algebraic terms by using the index of outer endomorphisms introduced by \textit{D. Gaboriau} et al. in [Duke Math. J. 93, No. 3, 425--452 (1998; Zbl 0946.20010)].\N\NThe authors prove that, for \(\pi_1\)-injective graph selfmaps, the fixed point index coincides with a group-theoretic invariant, the improved characteristic, which depends on the rank of the fixed subgroup and the number of attracting fixed points at infinity. This equivalence is then used to answer a question of Jiang concerning the cases in which the combined index-characteristic sum attains the lower bound \(2\chi(X)\).\N\NThe main result (Theorem 1.4) shows that such an equality holds for some iterate of the map if and only if the associated iwip outer endomorphism is an automorphism with a geometric stable tree, or, if it is not an automorphism, if every branch point in the quotient graph of the stable tree is \(h\)-periodic. Two examples are provided to show that the equality may fail when these conditions are not satisfied, thereby illustrating their necessity.

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Cited in

(1)

• On Jiang's bounded index property for products with nilmanifolds

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