Large deviations for the macroscopic motion of an interface

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Abstract: We study the most probable way an interface moves on a macroscopic scale from an initial to a final position within a fixed time in the context of large deviations for a stochastic microscopic lattice system of Ising spins with Kac interaction evolving in time according to Glauber (non-conservative) dynamics. Such interfaces separate two stable phases of a ferromagnetic system and in the macroscopic scale are represented by sharp transitions. We derive quantitative estimates for the upper and the lower bound of the cost functional that penalizes all possible deviations and obtain explicit error terms which are valid also in the macroscopic scale. Furthermore, using the result of a companion paper about the minimizers of this cost functional for the macroscopic motion of the interface in a fixed time, we prove that the probability of such events can concentrate on nucleations should the transition happen fast enough.


We have a detailed study about the law that governs the power needed to force a motion of a planar interface between two different phases of a given ferromagnetic sample with a prescribed speed $V$. Usually it is done on a lattice model of Ising-spins with Glauber dynamics by a multi-scale procedure based on the interaction range of the Kac-potential. However, this approach meets some difficulties and the obtained results are biased by several possible errors. In order to avoid this, the authors use a different technique by introducing coarse-grained time-space-magnetization boxes. Fixing a space-time $(\xi,\tau)$ scale and considering the example, where $\xi = 0$ (at $\tau = 0$) changes to a final position $\xi = R$ within a fixed time $T$, the interface moves to a final position. For such a motion with constant velocity $V=R/T$, the needed power is given by $V^2/\mu$, where $\mu$ is a mobility coefficient. This allows to verify the limits of validity of this law in a stochastic model of interacting spins. \par The paper is divided into 7 sections where the model and preliminary results are successively presented: -- Section 2, the main results with Theorem 3.3 -- Section 3. Considerations about extremal cases, i.e., less or more that fixed $N$ spin flips are given in Section 4. Normal cases of time intervals between spin flips are analyzed in Section 5, whereas Section 6 considers again extremal cases. Section 7 gives derivation of the cost functional.



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