Large mass minimizers for isoperimetric problems with integrable nonlocal potentials

DOI10.1016/J.NA.2021.112395MaRDI QIDQ2048325zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marc Pegon

Publication date 5 August 2021

Published in Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods \& Applications. Series A: Theory and Methods (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.01165

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B45)

Abstract: This paper is concerned with volume-constrained minimization problems derived from Gamow's liquid drop model for the atomic nucleus, involving the competition of a perimeter term and repulsive nonlocal potentials. We consider a large class of potentials, given by general radial nonnegative kernels which are integrable on $mathbb{R}^n$, such as Bessel potentials, and study the behavior of the problem for large masses (i.e., volumes). Contrarily to the small mass case, where the nonlocal term becomes negligible compared to the perimeter, here the nonlocal term explodes compared to it. However, using the integrability of those kernels, we rewrite the problem as the minimization of the difference between the classical perimeter and a nonlocal perimeter, which converges to a multiple of the classical perimeter as the mass goes to infinity. Renormalizing to a fixed volume, we show that, if the first moment of the kernels is smaller than an explicit threshold, the problem admits minimizers of arbitrarily large mass, which contrasts with the usual case of Riesz potentials. In addition, we prove that, any sequence of minimizers converges to the ball as the mass goes to infinity. Finally, we study the stability of the ball, and show that our threshold on the first moment of the kernels is sharp in the sense that large balls go from stable to unstable. A direct consequence of the instability of large balls above this threshold is that there exist nontrivial compactly supported kernels for which the problems admit minimizers which are not balls, that is, symmetry breaking occurs.

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Cited in

(14)

• A note on some non-local variational problems
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• Optimization problems with non-local repulsion
• Minimality of balls in the small volume regime for a general Gamow-type functional
• Asymptotic shape of isolated magnetic domains

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