Left Bousfield localization without left properness

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2023.107570MaRDI QIDQ6199035zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors

Publication date 23 February 2024

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.03764

Homotopical algebra, Quillen model categories, derivators (18N40) Localizations (e.g., simplicial localization, Bousfield localization) (18N55) Localization and completion in homotopy theory (55P60) Abstract and axiomatic homotopy theory in algebraic topology (55U35)

Abstract: Given a combinatorial (semi-)model category

M

and a set of morphisms

C

, we establish the existence of a semi-model category

L_{C} M

satisfying the universal property of the left Bousfield localization in the category of semi-model categories. Our main tool is a semi-model categorical version of a result of Jeff Smith, that appears to be of independent interest. Our main result allows for the localization of model categories that fail to be left proper. We give numerous examples and applications, related to the Baez-Dolan stabilization hypothesis, localizations of algebras over operads, chromatic homotopy theory, parameterized spectra,

C^{*}

-algebras, enriched categories, dg-categories, functor calculus, and Voevodsky's work on radditive functors.

Review text

The left Bousfield localization of a model category \(\mathcal{M}\) relative to a class of morphisms \(\mathcal{C}\) is a model structure \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\) on the category \(\mathcal{M}\), where the morphisms in \(\mathcal{C}\) are contained in the weak equivalences in \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\), and the identity functor \(id:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\) abides by the universal property that, for any model category \(\mathcal{N}\), any left Quillen functor \(F:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow\mathcal{N}\), taking the morphisms in \(\mathcal{C}\) to weak equivalences in \(\mathcal{N}\), factors through \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\). Normally, to prove that \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\) exists one requires \(\mathcal{C}\) to be a set, and \(\mathcal{M}\) to be left proper and cellular [\textit{P. S. Hirschhorn}, Model categories and their localizations. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2003; Zbl 1017.55001)] or left proper and combinatoriral [\textit{C. Barwick}, Homology Homotopy Appl. 12, No. 2, 245--320 (2010; Zbl 1243.18025); \textit{T. Beke}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 129, No. 3, 447--475 (2000; Zbl 0964.55018)]. This paper demonstrates that, even without left properness, \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\) still exists as a semi-model category [\textit{M. Spitzweck}, Operads, algebras and modules in model categories and motives. Bonn: Univ. Bonn. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (Dissertation) (2001; Zbl 1103.18300)], satisfying the universal property to the category of semi-model categories. The synopsis of the paper goes as follows. \begin{itemize} \item[\S 2] recalls definitions and useful results about semi-model categoreis and about left Boufield localizations. \item[\S 3] establishes the following version of Smith's theorem [\textit{C. Barwick}, Homology Homotopy Appl. 12, No. 2, 245--320 (2010; Zbl 1243.18025); \textit{T. Beke}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 129, No. 3, 447--475 (2000; Zbl 0964.55018)]. Theorem 3.1. Suppose \(\mathcal{M}\) is a locally presentable category with a class \(\mathcal{W}\) of weak equivalences and a set of morphisms \(I\) abiding by \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] The class of weak equivalences with cofibrant domains is \(\kappa\)-accessible. \item[(2)] The class \(\mathcal{W}\) is closed under retracts and the two-out-of-three property. \item[(3)] Any morphism \(inj(I)\) is a weak equivalence. \item[(4)] Within the class of trivial fibrations \ morphisms with cofibrant domains are closed under pushouts to arbitrary cofibrant objects and under transfinite composition. \item[(5)] The morphisms of \(I\) have cofibrant domains. \end{itemize} Then there is a cofibrantly generated semi-model structure on \(\mathcal{M}\) with generating cofibrations \(I\), generating trivial cofibrations \(J\), cofibrations \(\mathrm{cof\,}I\), and fibrations defined by the right lifting property with respect to \(J\). Furthermore, the generating trivial cofibrations \(J\) have cofibrant domains. \item[\S 4] establishes the following main result of this paper by using the above theorem. Theorems 4.2 and 4.3. Suppose that \(\mathcal{M}\) is a combinatorial semi-model category whose generating cofibrations have cofibrant domains, and \(\mathcal{C}\) is a set of morphisms of \(\mathcal{M}\). Then there is a semi-model structure \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\) on \(\mathcal{M}\), whose weak equivalences are the \(\mathcal{C}\)-local equivalences, whose cofibrations are the same as \(\mathcal{M}\), and whose fibrant objects are the \(\mathcal{C}\)-local objects. Furthermore, \(L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\) satisfies the universal property that, for any left Quillen functor of semi-model categories \(F:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow\mathcal{N}\) taking \(\mathcal{C}\) into the weak equivalences of \(\mathcal{N}\), then \(F\) is a left Quillen functor when viewed as \(F:L_{\mathcal{C}}(\mathcal{M})\rightarrow\mathcal{N}\). \item[\S 5] provides myriad applications of Theorem A, most of which are model categories failing to be left proper. The authors begin with an example of \textit{V. Voevodsky} [J. \(K\)-Theory 5, No. 2, 201--244 (2010; Zbl 1194.55021)], then discussing the main application [\textit{M. Batanin} and \textit{D. White}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 375, No. 5, 3569--3640 (2022; Zbl 1486.18015)]. Finally, they explore applications to categories of algebras over operads, spectra/stabilization, (weakly) enriched categoreis, and Goodwillie calculus. \end{itemize}

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