Limit functions of discrete dynamical systems

DOI10.1090/S1088-4173-2014-00264-1MaRDI QIDQ2922921zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors H.-P. Beise, T. Meyrath, Jürgen Müller

Publication date 15 October 2014

Published in Conformal Geometry and Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1090/s1088-4173-2014-00264-1

Julia set limit set Siegel disk universality

Universal holomorphic functions of one complex variable (30K99) Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing (37A25) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10)

Review text

Let \((X,d)\) be a complete metric space and let \(\mathcal{K}(X)\) be the collection of nonempty and compact subsets of \(X\). For \(K \in \mathcal{K}(X)\), the set of continuous functions from \(K\) to \(X\) is denoted by \(C(K,X)\). We denote, as usual, by \(f^{\circ n}=f \circ \dots \circ f\) the \(n\)-th iterate of the continuous function \(f: X \to X\). If \(L\) is an arbitrary subset of \(X\), we write \(\Omega_p(L,f)\) for the collection of all functions \(g:L \to X\) that are pointwise limit of some subsequence of \((f^{\circ n})_n\), on \(L\). For \(K \in \mathcal{K}(X)\), \(\Omega_u(K,f)\) is the set of all functions that are limits of some subsequence of \((f^{\circ n})_n\) in \((C(K,X),d_{u,K})\), where \(d_{u,K}\) is the uniform metric given by NEWLINE\[NEWLINEd_{u,K}(f,g)=\sup_{x \in K}d(f(x),g(x)).NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Let \((Y,d_Y)\) be a complete metric space. A family \(\{f_\iota:X \to Y, \iota \in I\}\) is called topologically transitive, if for all \(U \subset X\) and \(V \subset Y\) open and nonempty, there is \(\iota \in I\) with \(f_\iota(U) \cap V \neq \emptyset.\) For \(M \in \mathbb{N}^*\), let \(f_\iota^{M}:X^M\to Y^M\) denote the \(M\)-fold product of \(f_\iota\). Then \(\{f_\iota^{\times M}:X^M \to Y^M, \iota \in I\}\) is called topological transitive, if for all open nonempty \(U_1 ,\dots,U_M\subset X\) and \(V_1,\dots,V_M \subset Y\), there is \(\iota \in I\) with \(f_\iota(U) \cap V \neq \emptyset.\)NEWLINENEWLINEIn this setting, the authors prove the following theorem.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem. Let \(X,Y_0\) be complete metric spaces so that for a countable set \(\{h_k: k \in \mathbb{N}\}\) of continuous functions \(h_k: X \to Y_0\), the restrictions \(h_k|_E\) form a dense set in \(C(E,Y_0 )\) for almost all \(E \in \mathcal{K}(X)\). Moreover, let \(Y \subset Y_0\) be closed and suppose that \(f_\iota: X \to Y~\) are continuous for every \(\iota \in I\) and that \(\{f_\iota^{\times N}, \iota \in I\}\) is topologically transitive for all \(N \in \mathbb{N}^*\). Then \(\{f_\iota|_E^{\times N}, \iota \in I\}\) is dense in \(C(E,Y)\) for almost all \(E \in \mathcal{K}(X).\)NEWLINENEWLINEApplying their result, the authors prove that for any rational function \(f\) with Julia set in \(\mathbb{C}\) and having a Siegel disk \(F\) with Jordan boundary \(\partial F\), the set of functions \(\Omega_u(E \cup \partial F,f)\) is equal to the set of functions \(C_H(E \cup \partial F)\) for almost all \(E \in \mathcal{K}(J)\), where \(J\) is the Julia set of \(f\), \(F\) is the Siegel disk and \(H\) is the set of functions \(h\) of the form \(h=\phi \circ (\beta. \mathrm{Id}) \circ \phi^{-1},\) \(\beta \in \mathbb{T}\) and \(\phi\) is a homeomorphism from \(\mathbb{T}\) to \(\partial F\) induced by the inverse Riemann mapping \(\phi : \mathbb{D} \to F\).

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