Line percolation

Publication date 5 September 2018

Abstract: We study a new geometric bootstrap percolation model, line percolation, on the

d

-dimensional integer grid

[n]^{d}

. In line percolation with infection parameter

r

, infection spreads from a subset

A s u b s e t [n]^{d}

of initially infected lattice points as follows: if there exists an axis-parallel line

L

with

r

or more infected lattice points on it, then every lattice point of

[n]^{d}

on

L

gets infected, and we repeat this until the infection can no longer spread. The elements of the set

A

are usually chosen independently, with some density

p

, and the main question is to determine

p_{c} (n, r, d)

, the density at which percolation (infection of the entire grid) becomes likely. In this paper, we determine

p_{c} (n, r, 2)

up to a multiplicative factor of

1 + o (1)

and

p_{c} (n, r, 3)

up to a multiplicative constant as

n i g h t a r r o w i n f t y

for every fixed

r i n m a t h b b N

. We also determine the size of the minimal percolating sets in all dimensions and for all values of the infection parameter.

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