Linear potentials and applications in conformal geometry

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Let \((M^n, \bar{g})\) be a Riemannian manifold of dimension \(n\). For a compact subset \(S \subset M^n\) and a bounded open neighborhood \(D \supset S\), suppose that \(g\) is a metric conformal to \(\bar{g}\) on \(D \setminus S\) and geodesically complete near \(S\).\N\NThe main goal of this article is to estimate the Hausdorff dimension \(\dim_{\mathscr{H}} S\) of the singular set \(S\) under appropriate weak positivity assumptions on the curvature of \(g\), notably the scalar curvature \(R[g]\) and its fourth-order analogue, the \(Q\)-curvature \(Q[g]\). More precisely, the authors prove:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item If \(R^-[g] \in L^\frac{2n}{n+2}(D \setminus S, g) \cap L^p (D \setminus S, g)\) for some \(p > \frac{n}{2}\), then \(\dim_{\mathscr{H}} S \leq \frac{n-2}{2}\).\N\item If \(R[g] \geq 0\) and \(Q^-[g] \in L^\frac{2n}{n+4}(D\setminus S, g)\), then \(\dim_{\mathscr{H}} S \leq \frac{n-4}{2}\).\N\end{itemize}\N\NHere, \(R^-[g]\) and \(Q^-[g]\) denote the negative part of \(R[g]\) and \(Q[g]\), respectively.\N\NBoth of these results improve various known estimates. They are derived from general potential-theoretic statements, which are also proved in this paper.



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