Local and global dynamic bifurcations of nonlinear evolution equations

DOI10.1512/IUMJ.2018.67.7292MaRDI QIDQ4962376zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors

Publication date 2 November 2018

Published in Indiana University Mathematics Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.08128

zbMATH Keywords

evolution equation global dynamical bifurcation invariant-set bifurcation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurcation theory for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L10)

Abstract: We present new local and global dynamic bifurcation results for nonlinear evolution equations of the form

u_{t} + A u = f_{l} a m b d a (u)

on a Banach space

X

, where

A

is a sectorial operator, and

l a m b d a i n R

is the bifurcation parameter. Suppose the equation has a trivial solution branch

(0, l a m b d a) :,, l a m b d a i n R

. Denote

P h i_{l} a m b d a

the local semiflow generated by the initial value problem of the equation. It is shown that if the crossing number

n

at a bifurcation value

l a m b d a = l a m b d a_{0}

is nonzero and moreover,

S_{0} = 0

is an isolated invariant set of

P h i_{l a m b d a_{0}}

, then either there is a one-sided neighborhood

I_{1}

of

l a m b d a_{0}

such that

P h i_{l} a m b d a

bifurcates a topological sphere

m a t h b b S^{n - 1}

for each

l a m b d a i n I_{1} s e t m i n u s l a m b d a_{0}

, or there is a two-sided neighborhood

I_{2}

of

l a m b d a_{0}

such that the system

P h i_{l} a m b d a

bifurcates from the trivial solution an isolated nonempty compact invariant set

K_{l} a m b d a

with

0 o t i n K_{l} a m b d a

for each

l a m b d a i n I_{2} s e t m i n u s l a m b d a_{0}

. We also prove that the bifurcating invariant set has nontrivial Conley index. Building upon this fact we establish a global dynamical bifurcation theorem. Roughly speaking, we prove that for any given neighborhood

O m e g a

of the bifurcation point

(0, l a m b d a_{0})

, the connected bifurcation branch

G a m m a

from

(0, l a m b d a_{0})

either meets the boundary

p a r t i a l O m e g a

of

O m e g a

, or meets another bifurcation point

(0, l a m b d a_{1})

. This result extends the well-known Rabinowitz's Global Bifurcation Theorem to the setting of dynamic bifurcations of evolution equations without requiring the crossing number to be odd. As an illustration example, we consider the well-known Cahn-Hilliard equation. Some global features on dynamical bifurcations of the equation are discussed.

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