Local atomic decompositions for multidimensional Hardy spaces

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25) (H^p)-spaces (42B30) Groups and semigroups of linear operators (47D03)

Abstract: We consider a nonnegative self-adjoint operator

L

on

L^{2} (X)

, where

X s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R^{d}

. Under certain assumptions, we prove atomic characterizations of the Hardy space

H^1(L) = l {fin L^1(X) : {|}sup_{t>0} |exp(-tL)f | {|}_{L^1(X)}<infty }.

We state simple conditions, such that

H^{1} (L)

is characterized by atoms being either the classical atoms on

X s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R^{d}

or local atoms of the form

| Q |^{- 1} c h i_{Q}

, where

Q s u b s e t e q X

is a cube (or cuboid). One of our main motivation is to study multidimensional operators related to orthogonal expansions. We prove that if two operators

L_{1}, L_{2}

satisfy the assumptions of our theorem, then the sum

L_{1} + L_{2}

also does. As a consequence, we give atomic characterizations for multidimensional Bessel, Laguerre, and Schr"odinger operators. As a by-product, under the same assumptions, we characterize

H^{1} (L)

also by the maximal operator related to the subordinate semigroup

e x p (- t L^{u})

, where

u i n (0, 1)

.

Review text

The maximal characterization of \(H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)\) says that \[f\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N) \Leftrightarrow \sup_{t>0} |H_t*f| \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \] where \(H_t(x)=\frac{1}{(4\pi t)^{n/2}} \exp(-\frac{|x|^2}{4t}) \) is the heat kernel in \(\mathbb{R}^N\). A result by \textit{D. Goldberg} [Duke Math. J. 46, 27--42 (1979; Zbl 0409.46060)], noticed that if the supremum in the maximal operator above is restricted to the range \(t\in (0,\tau^2)\), with \(\tau >0\), there is an atomic characterization but with atoms of the form \(a(x)=|B|^{-1} \chi_B (x)\), where \(\chi_B \) is the characteristic function of the ball \(B\) of radius \(\tau\). The paper under review deals with local atomic characterizations of the Hardy space \(H^1(L)\) consisting of the functions \(f\in L^1(X)\), \(X\subset \mathbb{R}^N\) such that \(\displaystyle{\sup_{t>0} |\exp(-tL) f|}\in L^1(X)\) where \(L\) is a non-negative self-adjoint operator on \(L^2(X)\). As an application, local atomic characterizations for multidimensional Bessel, Laguerre and Schrödinger operators are given.

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