Local dimension and regular points
Let \(A\subseteq\mathbb{R}^ d\) be any subset of the \(d\)-dimensional Euclidean space and \(0<\alpha<d\). A point \(x\in\overline A\), the closure of \(A\), is said to be \(\alpha\)-regular for \(A\) iff for all positive Borel measures \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb{R}^ d\) \[ K_ \alpha\mu(x)\geq\liminf_{y\to x,y\in A\backslash\{x\}}K_ \alpha\mu(y), \] where \(K_ \alpha\mu(x)=\int| x-y|^{\alpha-d}\mu(dy)\). The authors give first an example which shows that a local dimension index of a set \(A\) and a point \(x\) defined by \[ \dim(A,x)=\lim_{\delta\downarrow 0}\dim(A\cap B(x,\delta)) \] for \(x\in\mathbb{R}^ d\) \((B(x,\delta)\) is the closed ball and dim denotes Hausdorff dimension) cannot related to the above notion of \(\alpha\)- regularity for \(A\). This problem was suggested by a characterization of so-called polar sets \(A\subseteq\mathbb{R}^ d\) in terms of Hausdorff dimension. Using ideas of a recent joint paper of the authors [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 64, 125-152 (1992; Zbl 0753.28006)] the situation will overcome in the following way. Let \[ \nu_ \alpha(A,x,2^{-n})=\inf\bigl\{\sum_ i(2^ nd(A_ i))^ \alpha;\quad A\cap B(x,2^{-n})\subseteq\bigcup_ iA_ i,\;0<d(A_ i)\leq 2^{-n}\bigr\}. \] A is said to be \(\alpha\)-thin at \(x\) if \(\sum^ \infty_{n=1}\nu_ \alpha(A,x,2^{-n})<\infty\). The new local index is \[ \dim_ R(A,x)=\inf\{\alpha;A\text{ is } \alpha\text{-thin at } x\}. \] One main result says that for a set \(A\) of Hausdorff dimension \(\beta\) and all \(\alpha<\beta\) the set \(\{x\in A;\;\dim_ R(A,x)\geq\alpha\}\) has also dimension \(\beta\). Some relations connecting the notions to be thin and regular at a point of a set are also established. This includes also a version of Frostman's lemma.
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