Local permutation polynomials of maximum degree over prime finite fields
Let \(p\) be a prime, \(q\) a power of \(p\), \(\mathbb{F}_q\) the finite field with \(q\) elements, and \(\mathbb{F}_q^n\) the Cartesian product of \(n\) copies of \(\mathbb{F}_q\), for any integer \(n\geq 1\). Also, let \(\overline{x}=(x_1,\ldots, x_n)\), \(\overline{x}_i=(x_1,\ldots, x_{i-1},x_{i+1},\ldots, x_n)\), and \(\mathbb{F}_q[\overline{x}]\) denote the ring of polynomials in \(n\) variables over \(\mathbb{F}_q\). It is well-known that any map from \(\mathbb{F}_q^n\) to \(\mathbb{F}_q\) can be uniquely represented as \(f\in \mathbb{F}_q[\overline{x}]\) such that \(\text{deg}_{x_i}(f)<q\) for all \(i=1,\ldots, n\), where \(\text{deg}_{x_i}(f)\) is the degree of \(f\) as a polynomial in the variable \(x_i\) with coefficients in the polynomial ring \(\mathbb{F}_q[\overline{x}_i]\).\N\NA polynomial \(f\in \mathbb{F}_q[\overline{x}]\) is called a \textit{local permutation polynomial} (or LPP) if for each \(i\), \(1\leq i\leq n\), the polynomial \(f(a_1,\ldots, a_{i-1},x_i,a_{i+1}, \ldots, a_n)\) is a permutation polynomial in \(\mathbb{F}_q[x_i]\), for all choices of \(\overline{a}_i\in \mathbb{F}_q^{n-1}\).\N\NGary Mullen gave necessary and sufficient conditions for polynomials in two and three variables to be local permutations polynomials over a prime field \(\mathbb{F}_p\) in [\textit{G. L. Mullen}, Fibonacci Q. 18, 104--108 (1980; Zbl 0427.12017); Fibonacci Q. 18, 208--214 (1980; Zbl 0438.12009)], respectively. Those conditions were expressed in terms of the coefficients of the polynomial.\N\NFor two variables, it was shown in [\textit{W. S. Diestelkamp} et al., J. Comb. Math. Comb. Comput. 50, 129--140 (2004; Zbl 1052.05020)] that the degree of an LLP in \(\mathbb{F}_q[x,y]\) is bounded above by \(2(q-2)\). In [Finite Fields Appl. 91, Article ID 102261, 22 p. (2023; Zbl 1541.11103)], the authors of the paper under review showed that the result is true for several variables.\N\NIn the paper under review, the authors present general constructions of local permutation polynomials of maximum degree for all \(n\) defined over \(\mathbb{F}_p\). Here are the two main results of the paper:\N\NTheorem 1. Let \(p\geq 5\) be a prime number and \(n<p-1\) a positive integer. There exists an LPP in \(\mathbb{F}_q[x_1,\ldots, x_n]\) defined over \(\mathbb{F}_p\) of maximum degree for every \(q=p^r\). Moreover, if \(r\geq 2\), then the result is also true for \(n=p-1\).\N\NTheorem 2. Let \(q=p^{pr}>3\) for \(p\geq 3\) prime and \(r\geq 1\) integer. There exists an LPP \(f(x_1,\ldots, x_n)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x_1,\ldots, x_n]\) of maximum degree \(n(q-2)\) defined over \(\mathbb{F}_p\).
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