Localized bases for kernel spaces on the unit sphere

DOI10.1137/120876940MaRDI QIDQ2870616zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Edward Fuselier, Thomas Hangelbroek, Grady B. Wright, F. J. Narcowich, J. D. Ward

Publication date 21 January 2014

Published in SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.3255

zbMATH Keywords

interpolationkernel approximationspherethin-plate splines

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Interpolation in approximation theory (41A05) Approximation by other special function classes (41A30) Multidimensional problems (41A63) Numerical interpolation (65D05)

Abstract: Approximation/interpolation from spaces of positive definite or conditionally positive definite kernels is an increasingly popular tool for the analysis and synthesis of scattered data, and is central to many meshless methods. For a set of $N$ scattered sites, the standard basis for such a space utilizes $N$ emph{globally} supported kernels; computing with it is prohibitively expensive for large $N$. Easily computable, well-localized bases, with "small-footprint" basis elements - i.e., elements using only a small number of kernels -- have been unavailable. Working on $sphere$, with focus on the restricted surface spline kernels (e.g. the thin-plate splines restricted to the sphere), we construct easily computable, spatially well-localized, small-footprint, robust bases for the associated kernel spaces. Our theory predicts that each element of the local basis is constructed by using a combination of only $mathcalO((logN{)}^2)$ kernels, which makes the construction computationally cheap. We prove that the new basis is $L_p$ stable and satisfies polynomial decay estimates that are stationary with respect to the density of the data sites, and we present a quasi-interpolation scheme that provides optimal $L_p$ approximation orders. Although our focus is on $mathbb{S}^2$, much of the theory applies to other manifolds - $mathbb{S}^d$, the rotation group, and so on. Finally, we construct algorithms to implement these schemes and use them to conduct numerical experiments, which validate our theory for interpolation problems on $mathbb{S}^2$ involving over one hundred fifty thousand data sites.

Review text

For important special cases of radial basis functions, such as thin-plate splines and other surface splines of the Duchon type, and with arguments restricted to the unit sphere, the authors derive stable ``small footprint basis functions. Small footprint means that they are constructed with few coefficients, so their \(\ell_0\)-``norm is small. These function space bases are quite easily computable and stable with respect to \(L_p\) norms/spaces. They are local -- not usually compactly supported which is normally not possible here, but quickly decaying -- and admit useful approximations by quasi-interpolation using them. The approach is working via Lagrange functions and as mentioned for the two-dimensional unit-sphere (in parts generalizable as remarked by the authors). Numerical examples are included, too, as is a discussion how to use preconditioning of the Gram (interpolation) matrix in this context.

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Cited in

(38)

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• The overlapped radial basis function-finite difference (RBF-FD) method: a generalization of RBF-FD
• A high-order meshless Galerkin method for semilinear parabolic equations on spheres
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• Generation of energy-minimizing point sets on spheres and their application in mesh-free interpolation and differentiation
• A radial basis function Galerkin method for inhomogeneous nonlocal diffusion
• Kernel based quadrature on spheres and other homogeneous spaces
• Preconditioning for radial basis function partition of unity methods
• The D-RBF-PU method for solving surface PDEs
• A high-order, analytically divergence-free approximation method for the time-dependent Stokes problem
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• A Petrov-Galerkin kernel approximation on the sphere
• Variable moving average transform stitching waves
• Direct and inverse results on bounded domains for meshless methods via localized bases on manifolds
• An inverse theorem for compact Lipschitz regions in \(\mathbb {R}^d\) using localized kernel bases
• A meshless Galerkin method for non-local diffusion using localized kernel bases
• Cardinal interpolation with general multiquadrics
• Extrinsic meshless collocation methods for PDEs on manifolds
• A Galerkin radial basis function method for nonlocal diffusion
• Highly localized RBF Lagrange functions for finite difference methods on spheres
• Weighted spectral filters for kernel interpolation on spheres: estimates of prediction accuracy for noisy data
• Locally supported, quasi-interpolatory bases for the approximation of functions on graphs
• Kernel multigrid on manifolds
• Distributed uncertainty quantification of kernel interpolation on spheres
• Spectral stability and perturbation results for kernel differentiation matrices on the sphere
• Construction of quasi-localized dual bases in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces
• Structure-preserving kernel-based meshless methods for solving dissipative PDEs on surfaces
• Proving the stability estimates of variational least-squares kernel-based methods
• Adaptive RBF-multiscale approximation on bounded domains
• RBF-vortex methods for the barotropic vorticity equation on a sphere
• Extending data to improve stability and error estimates using asymmetric kansa-like methods to solve PDEs
• Interpolating splines on graphs for data science applications
• Error and stability estimates of a least-squares variational kernel-based method for second order elliptic PDEs
• On spherical averages of radial basis functions

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