Lucas sequences whose nth term is a square or an almost square

DOI10.4064/AA126-3-4MaRDI QIDQ3419225zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andrew Bremner, Nikos Tzanakis

Publication date 6 February 2007

Published in Acta Arithmetica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0701252

zbMATH Keywords

Lucas sequencesperfect squaresThue-Mahler equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations (11B39) Higher degree equations; Fermat's equation (11D41) Thue-Mahler equations (11D59) [https://duckduckgo.com/?q=MSC%2011G30%20%22Curves+of+arbitrary+genus+or+genus+%28%0D%0Ae+1%29+over+global+fields%22 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus ( e 1) over global fields (11G30)]

Abstract: (Below, Box means "perfect square") Let $P$ and $Q$ be non-zero integers. The Lucas sequence $U_n(P,Q)$ is defined by $U_0=0$, $U_1=1$, $U_n=P{U}_{n-1}-Q{U}_{n-2}$, $(ngeq2)$. Historically, there has been much interest in when the terms of such sequences are perfect squares (or higher powers). Here, we summarize results on this problem, and investigate for fixed $k$ solutions of $U_n(P,Q)=kBox$, $(P,Q)=1$. We show finiteness of the number of solutions, and under certain hypotheses on $n$, describe explicit methods for finding solutions. These involve solving finitely many Thue-Mahler equations. As an illustration of the methods, we find all solutions to $U_n(P,Q)=kBox$ where $k=pm1,pm2$, and $n$ is a power of 2.

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Cited in

(13)

• Squares in Lucas sequences and some diophantine equations
• On the Lucas sequence equations V_n=7\, and V_n=7V_m\,
• Lucas sequences whose 12th or 9th term is a square
• On Lucas sequence terms of the form kx^2
• The square terms in generalized Lucas sequence with parameters P and Q
• Squares in Lucas sequences with rational roots
• Squares in Lucas sequenceshaving an even first parameter
• On the gcd's of \(k\) consecutive terms of Lucas sequences
• Generalized Lucas numbers of the form \(11x^2\mp 1\)
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• Generalized Fibonacci and Lucas numbers of the form \(5x^2\)
• Integers represented by Lucas sequences
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