Many non-embeddable infinite groups
This paper is about large sets~\(X\) of pairwise non-embeddable groups, where the latter requirement means that no element of~\(X\) is isomorphic to a subgroup of any other element of~\(X\). A typical result in this area was proved by \textit{A. J. Macintyre} and \textit{S. Shelah} [J. Algebra 43, 168--175 (1976; Zbl 0363.20032)]: for every (infinite) regular cardinal~\(\kappa\) there exists a set of cardinality~\(2^\kappa\) whose elements are pairwise non-embeddable universal locally finite groups of cardinality~\(\kappa\). With regard to the size of the set obtained, this result is obviously sharp: \(2^\kappa\) cannot be replaced by a larger cardinal, since there cannot be more than~\(2^\kappa\) pairwise non-isomorphic groups of cardinality~\(\kappa\). The same remark applies to the two main results in the paper under review, which are the following two theorems.\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item Theorem~2: Let \(K\) be a set of infinite cardinal numbers, assume \(|K|=\beth_{\omega_1}\). Then there exists a set~\(X\) of pairwise non-embeddable \(F\)-universal groups such that, for all \(\kappa\in K\), \(X\) has \(2^\kappa\) elements of cardinality~\(\kappa\). (Here saying that a group is \(F\)-universal means that every finite group can be embedded in it.)\N\N\item Theorem~3: There exists a set~\(X\) of pairwise non-embeddable torsion-free groups such that, for all infinite cardinals \(\kappa\le\beth_{\omega_1}\), \(X\) has \(2^\kappa\) elements of cardinality~\(\kappa\).\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe constructions in the proofs use standard properties of free products and divisibility in abelian torsion-free groups. It is worth noting that while the proof of Theorem~2 also makes use of~[loc. cit.], that of Theorem~3 is pretty much self-contained.
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