Many periodic solutions for pendulum-type equations

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The author considers the following problem \[ u+cu'+p(u)=f(t),\tag{1} \] \[ u(0)-u(T)=u'(0)-u'(T)=0,\tag{2} \] with \(p\in C^2({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})\) and \[ p(u+\pi)=-p(u),\qquad \forall\;u\in {\mathbb{R}}.\tag{3} \] \(f\in C^0([0,T],{\mathbb{R}})\) is \(T\)-periodic, \(c\geq 0\)~. This is called a pendulum-type problem. The question is: given \(p\), \(c\), is there an upper bound for the number of geometrically distinct solutions to (1) and (2), independent of \(f\)? It is shown that for generic \(p\) and all \(c\)~, the answer is negative; one can find forcings \(f\) for which there are arbitrarily many solutions.











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