Many triangulated 3-spheres

DOI10.1007/S00208-004-0594-2MaRDI QIDQ707439zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julian Pfeifle, Günter M. Ziegler

Publication date 9 February 2005

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0212004

zbMATH Keywords

cellulationpolytopetriangulated spheres

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(n)-dimensional polytopes (52B11) Polyhedral manifolds (52B70) Triangulating manifolds (57Q15)

Abstract: We construct 2^{Omega(n^{5/4})} combinatorial types of triangulated 3-spheres on n vertices. Since by a result of Goodman and Pollack (1986) there are no more than 2^{O(n log n)} combinatorial types of simplicial 4-polytopes, this proves that asymptotically, there are far more combinatorial types of triangulated 3-spheres than of simplicial 4-polytopes on n vertices. This complements results of Kalai (1988), who had proved a similar statement about d-spheres and (d+1)-polytopes for fixed d >= 4.

Review text

All two-dimensional spheres are polytopal, i.e. they arise as boundary complexes of three-dimensional polytopes. On the other hand, there exist examples of simplicial spheres \(S^d\), \(d>2\) which are not the boundary complexes of \((d+1)\)-dimensional polytopes (Bruckner sphere, Barnette sphere, etc). Moreover, it follows from Kalai's lower bound \[ \log s(d,n) \geq c n^{[d/2]}, \] for the number \(s(d,n)\) of distinct combinatorial types of simplicial \textbf{PL} \(d\)-spheres on \(n\) vertices and from Goodman and Pollack's upper bound \[ \log p(d,n) \leq d(d+1)n \log n \] for the number \(p(d,n)\) of combinatorial types of simplicial \(d\)-polytopes on \(n\) vertices, that for \(d>3\) there are more simplicial \(d\)-spheres than simplicial \((d+1)\)-polytopes. So, most of simplicial \(d\)-spheres are not polytopal, when \(d>3\). As for three-dimensional case, only few families of non-polytopal 3-spheres were known. The author proves that a stronger lower bound \[ \log s(3,n)\geq c n^{5/4}, \] holds for some positive constant \(c\) and for all sufficiently large \(n\). As consequence, for \(n\) large enough there are more simplicial 3-spheres than 4-polytopes on \(n\) vertices. The proof is based on two constructions proposed in a recent paper by Eppsteine, Kuperberg and Ziegler.

Recommendations

• Many triangulated odd-dimensional spheres
• Many triangulated spheres
• Kalai's squeezed 3-spheres are polytopal
• Kalai's squeezed 3-spheres are polytopal
• Trees of nuclei and bounds on the number of triangulations of the 3-ball

Cites work

• An enumeration of simplicial 4-polytopes with 8 vertices
• Automorphisms of imbedded graphs
• Computing a canonical polygonal schema of an orientable triangulated surface
• Families of regular graphs in regular maps
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1645816 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 412172 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2068109 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 960150 (Why is no real title available?)
• Kalai's squeezed 3-spheres are polytopal
• Many triangulated spheres
• On the enumeration of convex polyhedra
• Regular orientable imbeddings of complete graphs
• Remarks on the entropy of 3-manifolds
• The Number of Three-Dimensional Convex Polyhedra
• The Upper Bound Conjecture and Cohen-Macaulay Rings
• There are asymptotically far fewer polytopes than we thought
• Upper bounds for configurations and polytopes in \({\mathbb{R}}^ d\)

Cited in

(36)

• Many triangulated spheres
• An impediment to polyhedrality
• 3-Sphären mit kleinen Eckenvalenzen. (3-spheres with small valences of the vertices)
• Non-starshaped spheres
• Remarks on the entropy of 3-manifolds
• Nonconvex embeddings of the exceptional simplicial 3-spheres with 8 vertices
• The complete enumeration of 4-polytopes and 3-spheres with nine vertices
• Equifacetted 3-spheres as topes of nonpolytopal matroid polytopes
• Polytopal Bier spheres and Kantorovich-Rubinstein polytopes of weighted cycles
• Combinatorial \(3\)-manifolds with \(10\) vertices
• Many triangulated odd-dimensional spheres
• On topological minors in random simplicial complexes
• Simplicial 2-spheres obtained from non-singular complete fans
• A flag vector of a 3-sphere that is not the flag vector of a 4-polytope
• A minimal irreducible triangulation of S^3
• Trees of nuclei and bounds on the number of triangulations of the 3-ball
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 125492 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 176574 (Why is no real title available?)
• How to make a triangulation of S³ polytopal
• Combinatorics of flag simplicial 3-polytopes
• Mogami manifolds, nuclei, and 3D simplicial gravity
• Many neighborly spheres
• Transversals and colorings of simplicial spheres
• The extremal spheres theorem
• Positive Plücker tree certificates for non-realizability
• Face numbers: the upper bound side of the story
• Many regular triangulations and many polytopes
• On locally constructible spheres and balls
• Extremal constructions for polytopes and spheres
• The Nevo-Santos-Wilson spheres are shellable
• Sampling Triangulations of Manifolds Using Monte Carlo Methods
• Transversal numbers of simplicial polytopes, spheres, and pure complexes
• Subword complexes and Kalai's conjecture on reconstruction of spheres
• Polyhedrons and PBIBDs from hyperbolic manifolds
• A remark on the polytopality of an interesting 3-sphere
• A Cheeger-type exponential bound for the number of triangulated manifolds

This page was built for publication: Many triangulated 3-spheres

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q707439)