Mapping properties of weakly arcwise open dendroids

Special maps on metric spaces (54E40) Continua and generalizations (54F15) Topological spaces of dimension (leq 1); curves, dendrites (54F50) Unicoherence, multicoherence (54F55)

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A dendroid \(X\) is an arcwise connected, hereditarily unicoherent metric continuum. It is said to be weakly arcwise open if for each \(p\in X\), each arc component of \(X\setminus\{p\}\) is either open or has empty interior. The authors ask: which classes of surjective maps between dendroids preserve the weakly arcwise open property. In their preliminary section, they list 14 interesting classes of maps, such as open, light, monotone, confluent, and add three more in Definition 3.15. They also remark that weakly arcwise open dendroids were studied in various sources including [\textit{V. Neumann-Lara} and \textit{I. Puga}, Topology Appl. 92, No. 3, 183--190 (1999; Zbl 0943.54023) and \textit{J. Charatonik} and \textit{I. Puga}, preprint]. Included are two facts, Propositions 3.1 and 3.16, which show various containment relations among some of the studied classes of maps. These might help the reader gain some perspective on the results which are summarized in the statements labelled (1)--(3) right at the end of the paper. Let us repeat (without definitions) the first of these. (1) The weakly arcwise open property is preserved under mappings which are either (a) monotone, or (b) both locally monotone and AAM, or (c) both locally monotone and feebly monotone. In particular, mappings which are both locally monotone and almost monotone preserve the weakly arcwise open property. We mention that the authors list many questions which could serve as the basis for additional research.

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