Mating quadratic maps with the modular group II

Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Dynamical systems involving relations and correspondences in one complex variable (37F05) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Teichmüller theory; moduli spaces of holomorphic dynamical systems (37F34)

Abstract: In 1994 S. Bullett and C. Penrose introduced the one complex parameter family of

(2 : 2)

holomorphic correspondences

m a t h c a l F_{a}

:

left(frac{aw-1}{w-1} ight)^2+left(frac{aw-1}{w-1} ight)left(frac{az+1}{z+1} ight) +left(frac{az+1}{z+1} ight)^2=3

and proved that for every value of

a i n [4, 7] s u b s e t m a t h b b R

the correspondence

m a t h c a l F_{a}

is a mating between a quadratic polynomial

Q_{c} (z) = z^{2} + c,,, c i n m a t h b b R

and the modular group

G a m m a = P S L (2, m a t h b b Z)

. They conjectured that this is the case for every member of the family

m a t h c a l F_{a}

which has

a

in the connectedness locus. We prove here that every member of the family

m a t h c a l F_{a}

which has

a

in the connectedness locus is a mating between the modular group and an element of the parabolic quadratic family

P e r_{1} (1)

.

Review text

The authors investigate some dynamical properties of the family of \((2:2)\) holomorphic correspondences on the Riemann sphere which have the form \(\mathcal{F}_a:z \to w\), where \[ \left(\frac{az+1}{z+1}\right)^2+\left(\frac{az+1}{z+1}\right)\left(\frac{aw-1}{w-1}\right)+\left(\frac{aw-1}{w-1}\right)^2=3, \] for a parameter \(a\in \mathbb{C}\), \(a\ne 1\). They show that matings between the modular group and rational maps in the parabolic quadratic family \(\mathrm{Per}_1(1)\) provide a model so that every member of the family \(\mathcal{F}_a\) which has \(a\) in the connectedness locus is such a mating. They also prove that every \(\mathcal{F}_a\) with \(a\) in the {Klein combination locus} \(\mathcal K\) can be surgically modified to become a single-valued \textit{parabolic-like} map on a neighbourhood of the backward limit set \(\Lambda_{a,-}\).

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