Matrices originating from certain difference equations

The author investigates the difference equation (*) \(h_{i- 1,j}+h_{i+1,j}+h_{i,j-1}+h_{i,j+1}=0.\) Let F be a field, m and n be a pair of positive integers, and Z be the set of integers. A double sequence \(\{h_{ij}\}_{i,j\in Z}\) in F is said to be doubly periodic with period (m,n) if \(h_{i+m,j}=h_{ij}=h_{i,j+n}\) for all (i,j)\(\in Z\times Z\). Denote by \(\tilde {\mathcal H}_{m,n}\) the collection of all doubly periodic sequences with period (m,n) which satisfy the difference equation (*). Let \(\{h_{ij}\}_{i,j\in Z}\) be in \(\tilde {\mathcal H}_{m,n}\) and let \(H=[h_{ij}]^{m,n}_{i,j=1}\) whose entries satisfy (*) with the first and second indices modulo m and n respectively. Designate by \({\mathcal H}_{m,n}\) the set of all \(m\times n\) matrices having this property. Every matrix in \({\mathcal H}_{m,n}\) gives rise to a member of \(\tilde {\mathcal H}_{m,n}\). The purpose of this paper is to determine, for each positive integer n, all the members of \(\tilde {\mathcal H}_{n,n}\), or equivalently to determine all the members of \({\mathcal H}_{n,n}\).

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