Maximal subgroups of the modular and other groups

DOI10.1515/JGTH-2018-0144MaRDI QIDQ667024zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Gareth Jones

Publication date 12 March 2019

Published in Journal of Group Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03871, https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/426446/1/1806.03871.pdf

zbMATH Keywords

modular grouptriangle groupmaximal subgroupNeumann mapnonparabolic subgroup

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Maximal subgroups (20E28) Other matrix groups over rings (20H25) General structure theorems for groups (20E34) Unimodular groups, congruence subgroups (group-theoretic aspects) (20H05)

Abstract: In 1933 B.~H.~Neumann constructed uncountably many subgroups of ${mSL}_2(mathbbZ)$ which act regularly on the primitive elements of $mathbb{Z}^2$. As pointed out by Magnus, their images in the modular group ${mPSL}_2(mathbbZ)cong{C}_3\ast C_2$ are maximal nonparabolic subgroups, that is, maximal with respect to containing no parabolic elements. We strengthen and extend this result by giving a simple construction using planar maps to show that for all integers $pge3$, $qge2$ the triangle group $Gamma=Delta(p,q,infty)cong{C}_p\ast C_q$ has uncountably many conjugacy classes of nonparabolic maximal subgroups. We also extend results of Tretkoff and of Brenner and Lyndon for the modular group by constructing uncountably many conjugacy classes of such subgroups of $Gamma$ which do not arise from Neumann's original method. These maximal subgroups are all generated by elliptic elements, of finite order, but a similar construction yields uncountably many conjugacy classes of torsion-free maximal subgroups of the Hecke groups $C_p\ast C_2$ for odd $pge3$. Finally, an adaptation of work of Conder yields uncountably many conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of $Delta(2,3,r)$ for all $rge7$.

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Cited in

(5)

• Maximal Haagerup subgroups in \(\mathbb{Z}^{n + 1} \rtimes_{\rho_{n}} \mathrm{GL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})\)
• Maximal subgroups of \(\mathrm{SL}(n, \mathbb{Z})\)
• The Cayley graph of Neumann subgroups
• Realisation of groups as automorphism groups in permutational categories
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