Means and Hermite interpolation

Abstract: Let

m_{2} < m_{1}

be two given nonnegative integers with

n = m_{1} + m_{2} + 1

. For suitably differentiable

f

, we let

P, Q i n p i_{n}

be the Hermite polynomial interpolants to

f

which satisfy

P^{(j)} (a) = f^{(j)} (a), j = 0, 1, ..., m_{1}

and

P^{(j)} (b) = f^{(j)} (b), j = 0, 1, ..., m_{2},

Q^{(j)} (a) = f^{(j)} (a), j = 0, 1, ..., m_{2}

and

Q^{(j)} (b) = f^{(j)} (b), j = 0, 1, ..., m_{1}

. Suppose that

f i n C^{n + 2} (I)

with

f^{(n + 1)} (x) e q 0

for

x i n (a, b)

. If

m_{1} - m_{2}

is even, then there is a unique

x_{0}, a < x_{0} < b,

such that

P (x_{0}) = Q (x_{0})

. If

m_{1} - m_{2}

is odd, then there is a unique

x_{0}, a < x_{0} < b,

such that

f (x_{0}) = f r a c 12 (P (x_{0}) + Q (x_{0}))

.

x_{0}

defines a strict, symmetric mean, which we denote by

M_{f, m_{1}, m_{2}} (a, b)

. We prove various properties of these means. In particular, we show that

f (x) = x^{m_{1} + m_{2} + 2}

yields the arithmetic mean,

f (x) = x^{- 1}

yields the harmonic mean, and

f (x) = x^{(m_{1} + m_{2} + 1) / 2}

yields the geometric mean.

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