Measure theoretic trigonometric functions

Singular functions, Cantor functions, functions with other special properties (26A30) Fractals (28A80) Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Numerical approximation of eigenvalues and of other parts of the spectrum of ordinary differential operators (34L16)

Abstract: We study the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian

D e l t a_{m u} = f r a c d d m u f r a c d d x

for a Borel probability measure

m u

on the interval

[0, 1]

by a technique that follows the treatment of the classical eigenvalue equation

f^{″} = - l a m b d a f

with homogeneous Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. For this purpose we introduce generalized trigonometric functions that depend on the measure

m u

. In particular, we consider the special case where

m u

is a self-similar measure like e.g. the Cantor measure. We develop certain trigonometric identities that generalize the addition theorems for the sine and cosine functions. In certain cases we get information about the growth of the suprema of normalized eigenfunctions. For several special examples of

m u

we compute eigenvalues of

D e l t a_{m u}

and

L_{i n f t y}

- and

L_{2}

-norms of eigenfunctions numerically by applying the formulas we developed.

Review text

The author investigates eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Laplacian \(\Delta_\mu := \frac{d}{d\mu}\frac{d}{dx}\), where \(\mu \) is a Borel probability measure supported on \([0,1]\). To this end, a technique that mirrors the treatment of the classical eigenvalue problem \(f = - \lambda f\) with homogeneous Dirichlet or von Neumann boundary conditions is employed and leads to the introduction of generalized sine and cosine functions. Emphasis is placed on measures \(\mu\) that are self-similar and in this context generalized identities for sine and cosine functions are derived. Several examples of a self-similar measure \(\mu\) are presented and the eigenvalues of \(\Delta_\mu\) in the \(L^2\)- and \(L^\infty\)-norm computed.

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