Methods for studying stability of systems with linear delay

Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Perturbations of ordinary differential equations (34D10) Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10) Stability theory of functional-differential equations (34K20)

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The article is devoted to study the stability of systems with delay linear in time of the form \[ \begin{aligned} &\frac{dx(t)}{dt} = e^t\left(A(t)x(t) + \sum_{k=1}^mB_k(t)x(t-\tau_k) + H\bigl(t,x(t),x_{\tau}(t)\bigr)\right),\quad t \geq t_0, \\ &x(s_0) = \phi(s_0),\quad t_0 - \tau_m\leq s_0\leq t_0. \end{aligned} \] Here, \(A(t)\), \(B_k(t)\) are bounded sufficiently smooth \(n\times n\)-matrices; \(H\bigl(t,x(t),x_{\tau}(t)\bigr)\) is a nonlinear vector-valued function; \(x(t)\) is an \(n\)-dimensional vector-valued function of \(t\). In the first part of the article, the author considers conditions under which the homogeneous system possesses asymptotic stability. To this end, a rigorous analysis is presented of the conditions which guarantee this property. The proof is based on studying a degenerate difference system of the form \[ z(t) = - \sum_{k = 1}^mA^{-1}(t)B_k(t)z(t - \tau_k),\quad z(t) = \varphi(s), \quad t_0 - \tau_m\leq s \leq t_0. \] In the second part of the article, the author formulates a perturbed problem for the inhomogeneous system and, under a suitable assumption on the data of the problem, he proves a priori estimates for the solutions to the perturbed system and, therefore, he obtains a stability result for the original system.

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