Microphone array speaker localizers using spatial-temporal information
Summary: A dual-step approach for speaker localization based on a microphone array is addressed in this paper. In the first stage, which is not the main concern of this paper, the time difference between arrivals of the speech signal at each pair of microphones is estimated. These readings are combined in the second stage to obtain the source location. In this paper, we focus on the second stage of the localization task. In this contribution, we propose to exploit the speaker's smooth trajectory for improving the current position estimate. Three localization schemes, which use the temporal information, are presented. The first is a recursive form of the Gauss method. The other two are extensions of the Kalman filter to the nonlinear problem at hand, namely, the extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter. These methods are compared with other algorithms, which do not make use of the temporal information. An extensive experimental study demonstrates the advantage of using the spatial-temporal methods. To gain some insight on the obtainable performance of the localization algorithm, an approximate analytical evaluation, verified by an experimental study, is conducted. This study shows that in common TDOA-based localization scenarios--where the microphone array has small interelement spread relative to the source position--the elevation and azimuth angles can be accurately estimated, whereas the Cartesian coordinates as well as the range are poorly estimated.
- Time difference of arrival estimation of speech source in a noisy and reverberant environment
- Localization of directional sound sources supported by a priori information of the acoustic environment
- Kalman filters for time delay of arrival-based source localization
- A new approach for speaker tracking in reverberant environment
- Data-driven multi-microphone speaker localization on manifolds
- Self-calibrating microphone arrays for speech signal acquisition: a systematic approach
- Simple unified algorithm for estimating and tracking location of desired talker by microphone arrays
- Data-driven multi-microphone speaker localization on manifolds
- S^2H Domain Processing for Acoustic Source Localization and Beamforming Using Microphone Array on Spherical Sector
- Kalman filters for time delay of arrival-based source localization
- Localization of directional sound sources supported by a priori information of the acoustic environment
- Time difference of arrival estimation of speech source in a noisy and reverberant environment
- Single-channel talker localization based on discrimination of acoustic transfer functions
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