Model theory and diophantine geometry
There are several examples of applications of Mathematical Logic to Diophantine Geometry. The most celebrated one seems to be the Matijasevic theorem saying that Hilbert's Tenth Problem is not decidable, i.e. there is no general effective way to decide whether a polynomial with integral coefficients -- and arbitrarily many variables -- has integral roots. Hrushovski's recent proof of the Mordell-Lang Conjecture for function fields in any characteristic provides a new, deep, more direct and qualitative level of interaction. Let us recall briefly the statement of Hrushovski's result. Let \(k < K\) be algebraically closed fields, \(A\) be a semiabelian variety defined over \(k\). Call a closed subvariety \(S\) of \(A\) special if there are a connected algebraic subgroup \(A_1\) of \(A\), a semiabelian variety \(A_0\) defined over \(k\), a subvariety \(S_0\) of \(A_0\), also defined over \(k\), and a surjective homomorphism of algebraic groups \(h\) from \(A_1\) to \(A_0\) such that \(S = h^{-1} (S_0) + c\) for some \(c\) in \(A\). Hrushoski shows that, if \(X\) is a closed subvariety of \(A\) and \(\Gamma\) is a finite rank subgroup of \(A\), then there are finitely many special subvarieties \(S_1,\ldots,S_k\) of \(A\) such that \(X \cap \Gamma \subseteq S_1 \cup \ldots \cup S_k \subseteq X\). The novelty of Hrushovski's approach is its large resort to modern Model Theory, involving some typical model theoretic concepts and tools, like orthogonality, modular groups, Zariski sets, as well as the model theoretic analysis of differentially closed and separably closed fields (actually the use of differential algebra was inspired by some previous contributions of A. Buium). The paper under review is an illuminating, essential and well written exposition of Hrushovski's work. First a short and clear historical introduction to the Mordell-Lang and the Manin-Mumford Conjecture is provided. Then the author gives a quick, but comprehensive report of the model theoretic background. Finally proofs are briefly sketched; here, the role of Model Theory is well underlined and clearly explained. Also, it is emphasized how Hrushovski's approach can even provide much better effective bounds for the Manin-Mumford Conjecture over number fields.
- A gap theorem for abelian varieties over differential fields
- A Note on Manin's Theorem of the Kernel
- Autour d'une conjecture de Serge Lang. (Around a conjecture by Serge Lang)
- Differential algebraic groups of finite dimension
- Division points on curves
- Division points on semi-abelian varieties
- Effective bound for the geometric Lang conjecture
- Elimination of quantifiers in algebraic structures
- Finiteness theorems for abelian varieties over number fields.
- Groups and Fields Interpretable in Separably Closed Fields
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- Intersections in jet spaces and a conjecture of S. Lang
- Manin's proof of the Mordell conjecture over function fields
- Model theory of difference fields
- Number theory III: Diophantine geometry
- Rational points of algebraic curves over function fields
- The classification of the semisimple differential algebraic groups and the linear semisimple differential algebraic Lie algebras
- The Mordell-Lang conjecture for function fields
- Uniform bound for generic points of curves in tori.
- Zariski geometries
- Topology of diophantine sets: remarks on Mazur's conjectures
- Diophantine geometry from model theory
- Bezout-type theorems for differential fields
- Algebraization, transcendence, and \(D\)-group schemes
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- Examples of torsion points on genus two curves
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- The Mordell-Lang conjecture for function fields
- A vector logic for extensional formal semantics
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