Modeling chaotic systems

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The authors consider on an elementary level the inverse problem of chaotic dynamical systems which is that of finding and modeling the dynamics of a given trajectory. It is shown that the first step in modeling a chaotic system is to reconstruct the state space by means of some coordinates (e.g., the derivative coordinates, the delay coordinates, the Broomhead and King coordinates). In this context, the authors recall the Takens theorem on the possibility to reconstruct a state space with perfect data without noise. The basic idea of the second step is to break up the state space into local neighborhoods and then fit parameters of local approximations of given order or charts in each neighborhood. The authors discuss a dependence of error scaling on dimensions and Lyapunov exponents. When the observed chaotic data are superpositions of a signal and a noise, there appears a problem to reduce the noise. Different methods of noise reduction (such as the detailed noise reduction and the statistical noise reduction) are considered along with numerical examples and a discussion of natural limits to noise reduction. The authors also discuss a close shadowing problem and its solution by Anosov (1967) and Bowen (1975) for the special case of everywhere hyperbolic dynamical systems. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0974.00042].











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