Models for Euclidean and equiform triangle geometry

DOI10.1007/S005910050028MaRDI QIDQ1268023zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Herbert Urban

Publication date 3 December 1998

Published in Mathematische Semesterberichte (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s005910050028

zbMATH Keywords

equiform triangle geometryEuclidean geometry

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Euclidean geometries (general) and generalizations (51M05) Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (general) and generalizations (51M10)

Review text

Associate to a triangle \(\Delta(s_1, s_2, s_3)\) of the Euclidean plane \(E^2\) (or of the equiform plane (where a triangle is an equivalence class of similar triangles in \(E^2\))) with sides \(s_1, s_2, s_3\) (in a fixed numbering of the sides) the point \(S(\Delta): = (s_1^2, s_2^2, s_3^2)\) of the Euclidean space \(E^3\) (or of the projective plane \(P^2\), respectively). The object of this paper is to investigate the relationship between triangle properties and properties of the image of the mapping \(S\), which is the part of the interior of a rotation cone in \(E^3\) which lies in the first octant (or, in the equiform case, the interior of a conic section in \(P^2\), which may be thought of as the hyperbolic plane \(H^2\) with the conic section as Absolute). In the Euclidean case the image sets of equilateral, right-angled, fixed area, and fixed perimeter triangles are described. In the equiform case it is shown that one can establish a natural isomorphism via \(S\) between the Klein and the Poincaré (half-plane) models of hyperbolic geometry. The usefulness of the method is tested on two practical applications: reconstruction from three orthographic projections and the trilateration problem (describe the possible configurations of six points \(P_1, P_2, P_3, Q_1, Q_2, Q_3\) given the nine distances \(d(P_i, Q_j)\)).

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Cited in

(7)

• From Euclidean triangles to the hyperbolic plane
• Properties of figures and properties of spaces
• On the Möbius geometry of Euclidean triangles
• Why do all triangles form a triangle?
• A visual model of the Lorentz triangular moduli space
• Structural invariance of right-angle triangle under rotation-similarity transformation
• Experimental geometry in space: use of the homographies theory and software Cabri 3D to solve a problem of geometry in the space

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