Modified Sombor index of graphs with a given girth
The authors study the modified Sombor index of a simple connected graph \(G\),\N\[\N\mathrm{mSO}(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)} \frac{1}{\sqrt{d_u^2+d_v^2}},\N\]\Na degree-based topological index introduced by \textit{V. R. Kulli} and \textit{I. Gutman} [SSRG Int. J. Appl. Chem. 8, 1--5 (2021; \url{doi:10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V8I1P101})]. They determine the minimum value of \(\mathrm{mSO}(G)\) among all connected graphs of order \(n\) and girth at least \(l\ge3\). The minimal value is shown to be uniquely attained by the graph \(C_{n,l}\), obtained from the cycle \(C_l\) by attaching \(n-l\) pendant vertices to one cycle vertex.\N\NUsing a known extremal bound for regular graphs, the paper also derives the maximum value of the modified Sombor index under the same girth constraint. It obtains related inequalities involving \(\mathrm{mSO}(G)\) and \(g(G)\), such as bounds for \(\mathrm{mSO}(G)+g(G)\) and \(\mathrm{mSO}(G) g(G)\).\N\NThe arguments follow standard methods in extremal graph theory for degree-based indices.
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