Module Homomorphisms of the Dual Modules of Convolution Banach Algebras
The second dual \(A^{**}\) of a Banach algebra \(A\) is a Banach algebra with the Arens product, the dual \(A^*\) is a left Banach \(A^{**}\)- module. It is shown that a bounded operator \(T\) on the second dual of the group algebra \(L^ 1(G)\) of a locally compact group \(G\) is a \(\text{weak}^*\)-\(\text{weak}^*\) continuous left multiplier iff \(T = (\lambda_ \mu)^{**}\) (\(\lambda_ \mu\) denoting the convolution operator \(\lambda_ \mu(f) = \mu^*f\) on \(L^ 1(G)\) of some measure \(\mu\) on \(G\)) and that an operator \(S\) in \((L^ 1(G))^*\) is an \((L^ 1(G))^{**}\)-module homomorphism iff \(S = (\lambda_ \mu)^*\). The proof is based on the characterization of \(L^ 1(G)\) as the topological centre of \((L^ 1(G))^{**}\) (elements which act \(\text{weak}^*\)-\(\text{weak}^*\) continuous by left multiplication on \((L^ 1(G))^{**}\)) due to \textit{A. Lau} and \textit{V. Losert} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 37, 464-470 (1988; Zbl 0608.43002)], for which the authors give a new proof under the assumption that \(G\) is abelian. Similar results are obtained for the Volterra convolution algebra \(L^ 1({\mathbf R}^ +,w)\) with respect to a weight \(w\), which satisfies a regularity condition at \(0\).
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