Modules which are extending relative to module classes

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A class of \(R\)-modules stands for a collection of \(R\)-modules containing the zero module and being closed under isomorphisms. If \(\mathcal X\) is a class of \(R\)-modules and \(M\) is any \(R\)-module then an \(\mathcal X\)-submodule of \(M\) is a submodule \(N\) of \(M\) such that \(N\) belongs to \(\mathcal X\). Let \(\mathcal X\) be a class of \(R\)-modules. The authors provide two definitions of modules which are extending relative to \(\mathcal X\). An \(R\)-module is said to be type 1 \(\mathcal X\)-extending if for every \(\mathcal X\)-submodule \(N\) of \(M\), every complement of \(N\) in \(M\) is a direct summand of \(M\). On the other hand \(M\) is said to be type 2 \(\mathcal X\)-extending if for every \(\mathcal X\)-submodule \(N\) of \(M\), every closure of \(N\) in \(M\) is a direct summand of \(M\). It is shown that no relationship exists in general between these two types. Several basic properties and examples are provided. Type 1 and Type 2 \(\mathcal X\)-extending modules are studied when \(\mathcal X\) is a general class and when \(\mathcal X\) is a particular class of modules including the class of singular modules, Goldie torsion modules, torsion free modules, cyclic (f.g.) modules etc.











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