Monte Carlo Gradient in Optimization Constrained by Radiative Transport Equation

DOI10.1137/22M1524515MaRDI QIDQ6091100zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Qin Li, Li Wang, Yunan Yang

Publication date 24 November 2023

Published in SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.12114

zbMATH Keywords

adjoint-state methodMonte Carlo gradientparticle methodradiative transport equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Monte Carlo methods (65C05) Numerical optimization and variational techniques (65K10) Probabilistic methods, particle methods, etc. for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M75) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

Abstract: Can Monte Carlo (MC) solvers be directly used in gradient-based methods for PDE-constrained optimization problems? In these problems, a gradient of the loss function is typically presented as a product of two PDE solutions, one for the forward equation and the other for the adjoint. When MC solvers are used, the numerical solutions are Dirac measures. As such, one immediately faces the difficulty in explaining the multiplication of two measures. This suggests that MC solvers are naturally incompatible with gradient-based optimization under PDE constraints. In this paper, we study two different strategies to overcome the difficulty. One is to adopt the Discrete-Then-Optimize technique and conduct the full optimization on the algebraic system, avoiding the Dirac measures. The second strategy stays within the Optimize-Then-Discretize framework. We propose a correlated simulation where, instead of using MC solvers separately for both forward and adjoint problems, we recycle the samples in the forward simulation in the adjoint solver. This frames the adjoint solution as a test function, and hence allows a rigorous convergence analysis. The investigation is presented through the lens of the radiative transfer equation, either in the inverse setting from optical imaging or in the optimal control framework. We detail the algorithm development, convergence analysis, and complexity cost. Numerical evidence is also presented to demonstrate the claims.

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Cited in

(6)

• Optimizations for the computation of radiative corrections
• Monte Carlo methods with calculating parametric derivatives in radiation transport theory
• Suppressing instability in a Vlasov-Poisson system by an external electric field through constrained optimization
• On the stabilization of a kinetic model by feedback-like control fields in a Monte Carlo framework
• Constrained control of the radiative transport equation: a novel approach based on the frozen diffusion model
• Long-time and chaotic dynamics in microscopic systems with singular interactions

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