Multi-rotations on the unit circle

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2018.12.008MaRDI QIDQ669231zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 20 March 2019

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09911

$\alpha\beta$-sets Diophantine approximation on linear forms multi-rotation orbits recurrent sequences

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Fractals (28A80) Dimension theory of smooth dynamical systems (37C45)

Abstract: In this paper, we study multi-rotation orbits on the unit circle. We obtain a natural generalization of a classical result which says that orbits of irrational rotations on the unit circle are dense. It is possible to show that this result holds true if instead of iterating a single irrational rotation, one takes a multi-rotation orbit along a finitely recurrent sequence over finitely many different irrational rotations. We also discuss some connections between the box dimensions of multi-rotation orbits and Diophantine approximations. In particular, we improve a result by Feng and Xiong in the case when the rotation parameters are algebraic numbers.

Review text

Let $\Lambda=\{\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k\}$ be a finite set of real numbers. Given $\omega:=(\omega_n)_{n=0}^{\infty}\in \Lambda^{\mathbb{N}}$ we define a sequence $(x_n)_{n=0}^{\infty}$ as follows: \[ x_0=0, x_{n+1}=\{x_n+\omega_n\}\, \forall n\geq 0. \] We define $E_{\omega}:=\overline{\{x_n\}}_{n=0}^{\infty}$. The sets $E_{\omega}$ are the main objects of study within this paper. It is conjectured that if the elements of $\Lambda$ are rationally independent then $\dim_{B}E_\omega=1$ for all $\omega$. In this paper the author shows that to prove this conjecture it is sufficient to prove it for all recurrent $\omega$. They also prove that if $\omega$ is finitely recurrent then $E_\omega=[0,1]$, and show that if the elements of $\Lambda$ are rationally independent and algebraic then $\dim_{B}(E_\omega)\geq \frac{1}{k}$. The proofs rely on ideas from dynamical systems and Diophantine approximation.

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